Moldir Orazaly

Evaluation of seed chemical quality traits and sensory properties of natto soybean.

Natto is a popular soyfood in Japan, and the U.S. is the largest supplier of natto soybeans. However, information on natto seed chemical and sensory properties is very limited. The objectives of this study were to evaluate differences of seed chemical and sensory properties among natto types and determine heritability and correlation. A total of 15 small-seeded natto genotypes (three superior, nine moderate and three inferior) were evaluated for protein, oil, calcium, manganese, boron and sugar content and processed into a natto product to evaluate appearance, stickiness, flavor, texture and shelf-life. The superior natto group had a higher sugar content but lower protein plus oil, calcium, manganese and boron content than other two groups. Most seed quality traits exhibited high heritability. The natto sensory preference was positively correlated with sucrose and oil content, but negatively correlated with seed hardness, protein, protein plus oil, calcium, manganese, and boron contents. Selecting soybean lines with low protein, protein plus oil, calcium, manganese, and boron content while with high sucrose will be an effective approach for soybean breeding for natto production.

Screening a Diverse Soybean Germplasm Collection for Reaction to Purple Seed Stain Caused by Cercospora kikuchii

Purple seed stain (PSS), caused by Cercospora kikuchii, is a prevalent soybean disease that causes latent seed infection, seed decay, purple seed discoloration, and overall quality deterioration. The objective of this research was to screen soybean accessions from the United States Department of Agriculture germplasm collection for resistance to PSS. In total, 123 plant introductions (PI) from 28 different countries, representing maturity groups (MG) III, IV, and V, were screened. Incidence of Cercospora leaf blight (% CLB), visual PSS (% PSS), and seed infected by C. kikuchii (% C. kikuchii) in harvested seed were determined. In 2007, % C. kikuchii was 2 to 51% for MG III, 2 to 35% for MG IV, and 0 to 33% for MG V. In 2008, % C. kikuchii was 0 to 45% for MG III, 1 to 71% for MG IV, and 0 to 15% for MG V. In total, four and ten PI from MG III and IV, respectively, were identified as resistant to PSS in both years. Highly positive correlations were found for inoculated versus noninoculated treatments and for % PSS versus % C. kikuchii infection. The PSS-resistant PI identified in this study will be valuable to breeders in developing resistant cultivars.

Evaluation of Natto Soybean for Agronomic and Seed Quality Traits

Natto is a traditional Japanese soyfood, but little information is available on how agronomic and seed physical quality traits affect natto quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate agronomic and seed physical quality traits of natto varieties of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], including genotype and environmental effects, as well the heritability and correlations among those traits. During two years, 15 natto genotypes were grown, with three replications, in three Arkansas locations (Keiser, Rohwer, and Stuttgart) and were analyzed for agronomic and seed physical quality traits. Genotype affected all of the traits except for yield. Superior natto varieties (ARK1, ARK2, and ARK3) matured later and produced smaller and softer seeds than the other natto varieties. All of the traits had high heritability (>0.60). Varieties with larger seeds had significantly higher yield than varieties with smaller seeds. Because small-seeded varieties with quality attributes are desirable for natto production, breeding for small-seeded, high-yielding genotypes will continue to be a challenge.

Field evaluation and break-even analysis of specialty soybeans for biodiesel and meal protein production

ABSTRACT The economic value of a soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] crop depends on yield and quality. The objectives of this study were to evaluate soybean lines for protein and oil content and to examine the break-even (BE) analysis of these traits combined with yield. Forty lines of maturity group (MG) IV or V were grown at four Arkansas locations for two years. Yield, protein, and oil content of each line were determined and compared to the check average for a BE comparison of the total economic value of the line. Results showed six profitable lines (

Quantitative trait loci for salt tolerance in soybean

8.40 to

Confirmation of SSR Markers and QTL for Seed Calcium Content and Hardness of Soybean

54.96 per metric ton based on yield) in 2008 and six profitable lines (

Agronomic evaluation of high-protein and high-oil soybean genotypes for specialty markets

0.49 to

A Simple Greenhouse Method for Screening Salt Tolerance in Soybean

61.19 per metric ton based on yield) in 2009. Overall, in both MG, high-protein lines needed to yield more to be profitable, whereas high-oil lines had competitive yield, protein and oil content; R00-764 (MG IV), R05-71 (MG V), and R02-6185F (MG V) were competitive without added premiums.

Identification and mapping of stable QTL for protein content in soybean seeds

ABSTRACT Soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merr.] growth and yield are adversely affected by soil salinity. Identification of salinity tolerance genes that improve soybean performance in saline soils is a highly effective way to use and develop soybean genotypes with high salt tolerance. The objective of this study is to identify and confirm quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with salt tolerance using an F2:3 mapping population derived from the cross Ozark (salt-sensitive) × Jake (salt-tolerant). This population was screened in the greenhouse for salt stress using 120 mM NaCl and evaluated for leaf scorch score (LSS), percentage of dead plants (PDP), leaf chlorophyll, and leaf chloride content, and genotyped using a SoySNP 6K chip. A major QTL on chromosome 3 was confirmed, and a minor QTL on chromosome 19 and additional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with salt tolerance were found in this study. These markers, once validated, will be valuable for marker-assisted selection in a soybean breeding program.

Identification of quantitative trait loci for oil content in soybean seed.

ABSTRACT Seed calcium content and hardness constitute determining characteristics of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] texture affecting soyfood quality. Molecular markers linked to these traits will accelerate breeding of soybeans for the soyfood market through the use of marker-assisted selection (MAS). Confirmation of linked markers and validation of quantitative trait loci (QTL), prior to their application through MAS, are the keys. The objectives of this study were to confirm previously reported QTL for calcium content and seed hardness and investigate the relationship between these traits. Evaluation of seven recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations with different genetic backgrounds, grown in two Arkansas locations for 2 years, showed inconsistent correlations between these traits. In general, a positive correlation was found in most of the populations and correlation was significant in six populations. Combined data showed a positive correlation between calcium content and seed hardness (r = 0.23 – 0.49). Furthermore, previously reported QTL for calcium content and/or hardness were evaluated in six different sub-populations and stable markers across environments were identified for potential use in MAS. Based on our results, markers Satt267 and Sat_345 on chromosome 1, Sat_288 on chromosome 7, Sat_228, Satt341, and Sat_392 on chromosome 8, Satt547 on chromosome 16, and Satt002 on chromosome 17, are reliable for calcium content selection; whereas, Satt267, Satt680, Satt341, and Sct_010 on chromosomes 1, 7, 8, and 19, respectively, can be used for selection for seed hardness. Findings of this research will facilitate MAS for seed calcium content and hardness in breeding programs aimed at improving food-grade soybeans.