Mona M. Marzouk

Flavonoid constituents and biological screening of Astragalus bombycinus Boiss.

Two new flavonoid compounds were isolated from Astragalus bombycinus Boiss. and identified as quercetin-3,7-di-O-β-glucopyranoside 4′-O-α-rhamnopyranoside and 5,2′,4′-trihydroxy-flavone-8-C-α-arabinopyranoside-7-O-β-glucopyranoside. In addition, apigenin, apigenin-7-O-β-glucopyranoside, apigenin 7-O-gentobioside, luteolin, luteolin-7-O-β-glucopyranoside, quercetin-3,7-di-O-β-glucopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside-7-O-α-rhamnopyranoside and daidzein were also isolated and identified. The structure elucidation of the isolated compounds was performed by chromatographic, chemical and spectroscopic methods. Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities were also determined for the four consecutive extracts of the plant.

A new kaempferol trioside from Farsetia aegyptia

A new kaempferol trioside, kaempferol-3-O-(2″-α-L-arabinopyranosyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, along with eight known flavonoid compounds were isolated from the methanolic extract of Farsetia aegyptia Turra. growing in Egypt. The structures were established on the basis of detailed spectral analysis (UV, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, APT, HMBC, FABMS, and EIMS).

Phytochemical constituents and chemosystematic significance of Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) Raf

Twelve compounds were isolated from Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) Raf. They were identified as kaempferol, kaempferol 3-O-β-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-(6″-α-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-glucopyranoside, quercetin, quercetin 3-O-β-glucopyranoside, quercetin 3-O-(6″-α-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-glucopyranoside, apigenin, apigenin 7-O-β-glucopyranoside, acacetin, gallic acid, methyl gallate and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-glucopyranoside. Their structures were elucidated by chemical and spectral methods. Furthermore, chemosystematics of the isolated compounds is briefly discussed. It was indicated that C. tinctoria is the only species of Chrozophora that has the capability to synthesis kaempferol aglycone and their glycosides, and the finding is supported by its distinct morphological and anatomical aspects.

Antimutagenicity and phytoconstituents of Egyptian Plantago albicans L.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the safety and the possible antimutagenic effect of the defatted aqueous ethanol extract and polysaccharide extract of Plantago albicans L. areal parts on the genotoxicity of the anticancer drug cyclophosphamide and to investigate the chemical constituents of these extracts. Methods Two doses of each extract (10 and 15 mg/kg body weight) were administered orally to albino mice 7 d prior to treatment of cyclophosphamide (20 mg/kg body weight, i.p ). Chromosomal aberration analysis and micronucleus test were performed. Phytochemical investigation of defatted aqueous ethanol extract was carried out through chromatographic tools, chemical and physical analysis to know the active constituents of these extracts. Results Groups of mice administered with defatted aqueous ethanol extract and polysaccharide extract prior to cyclophosphamide treatment showed statistically significant reduction in the percentage of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei in bone marrow cells in a dose-dependent manner. Defatted aqueous ethanol extract gave more effective protection in comparison with polysaccharide extract. Phytochemical investigation of defatted aqueous ethanol extract allowed isolation of gallic acid, methylgallate, tri, tetra, penta-galloyl-β-glucopyranoside, kaempferol-3-O-β-sophro pyranoside, quercetin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside-7-O-α-rhamnpyranoside, kaempferol and quercetin, for the first time from this species. Conclusions The results of the present work demonstrated that Plantago albicans phytoconstituents play a protective role against genotoxicity of the drug cyclophosphamide.

Chemosystematic significance of flavonoids isolated from Diplotaxis acris (Brassicaceae) and related taxa

Abstract The chemosystematic relationship of four Diplotaxis species; Diplotaxis acris, Diplotaxis erucoides, Diplotaxis harra and Diplotaxis muralis were surveyed from the flavonoids point of view. These species were found to produce 33 flavonoids (7 flavones and 26 flavonols), including 11 compounds were isolated in the present study from D. acris. Among them, seven flavonoids were identified for the first time; luteolin (4), kaempferol (8), kaempferol 3-O-β-glucopyranoside-7-O-α-rhamnopyranoside (13), quercetin 3-O-β-glucopyranoside (16), quercetin 7-O-β-glucopyranoside (20), isorhamnetin (22) and isorhamnetin 3-O-β-glucopyranoside-7-O-α-rhamnopyranoside (32). Their structures were recognized on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic techniques (1D & 2D NMR, UV, EI & ESI/MS). The isolated flavonoids may provide useful taxonomic characters at the infraspecific levels of classification where the flavonoid profile of D. acris and D. harra is similar and different from the other species.

Phytochemistry, biological activities and economical uses of the genus Sterculia and the related genera: A reveiw

Abstract The genus Sterculia is represented by 200 species which are widespread mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. Some of the Sterculia species are classified under different genera based on special morphological features. These are Pterygota Schott & Endl., Firmiana Marsili, Brachychiton Schott & Endl., Hildegardia Schott & Endl., Pterocymbium R. Br. and Scaphium Schott & Endl. The genus Sterculia and the related genera contain mainly flavonoids, whereas terpenoids, phenolic acids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, and other types of compounds including sugars, fatty acids, lignans and lignins are of less distribution. The biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities have been reported for several species of the genus. On the other hand, there is confusion on the systematic position and classification of the genus Sterculia . However, the wide range of the reported flavonoids in the present review is quite significant and can act as a guide for further studies from the chemosystematic point of view. Also the value of the genus Sterculia and its related genera in the traditional medicine and their effective biological activities led to the possibilities of finding new sources of drugs for prospect applications.

Flavonoid constituents of Dipcadi erythraeum Webb. & Berthel.

Abstract Seven flavonoids were isolated for the first time from the defatted aqueous methanol extract of Dipcadi erythraeum Webb. & Berthel. They were identified as kaempferol (1), quercetin (2), quercetin 3- O -(6″-α-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-glucopyranoside-7- O -α-rhamnopyranoside (3), vitexin (4), isovitexin (5), orientin (6) and isoorientin (7). Their structures were established on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic analysis and also by comparison with authentic samples. The chemosystematic significance of these compounds was also summarized.

Flavonoid constituents of Dobera glabra leaves: amelioration impact against CCl4-induced changes in the genetic materials in male rats

Abstract Context: Dobera glabra (Forssk.) Poir (Salvadoraceae) is a highly valued tree with diverse importance as special mineral sourced feed and a folkloric tool for forecasting droughts. However, there are no reports on its phytochemical and biological investigations. Objective: Phytochemical investigation of D. glabra leaves and its protective potential against CCl4 inducing changes in the genetic materials. Materials and methods: D. glabra extract, DGE (70% MeOH/H2O), was applied to polyamide column chromatography, eluting with MeOH/H2O of decreasing polarities, followed by preparative chromatographic tools, yielded seven compounds. Three DGE doses (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg bw/d) were administrated for 8 weeks intragastrically to male albino rats prior treated with CCl4 (0.5 mL/kg/bw). The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, expression changes of glutamate transporters (GLAST, GLT-1 and SNAT3) mRNA, DNA fragmentation and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were investigated in the liver tissues of these rats. Results: Isorhamnetin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside-7-O-α-rhamnopyranoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-α-rhamnopyranoside-7-O-β-glucopyranoside, kaempferol-3,7-di-O-α-rhamnopyranoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside, kaempferol-3-O-β-glucopyranoside, isorhamnetin and kaempferol were identified. DGE (200 mg/kg bw) + CCl4 exhibited the most significant reduction in ROS levels and DNA fragmentation with 251.3% and141% compared to 523.1% and 273.2% for CCl4, respectively. Additionally, it increased significantly the mRNA expression of GLAST, GLT-1 and SNAT3 to 2.16-, 1.72- and 2.09-fold, respectively. Also, GPx activity was increased to 4.8 U/mg protein/min compared to CCl4 (1.8 U/mg protein/min). Discussion and conclusion: Flavonoid constituents, antioxidant effect and genotoxic protection activity of D. glabra were first reported. DGE may be valuable in the treatment and hindrance of hepatic oxidative stress and genotoxicity.

Phenolic profiling of Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser (Brassicaceae) by LC-ESI-MS: Chemosystematic significance and cytotoxic activity

Abstract Objective To investigate the phenolic profile of Rorippa palustris (R. palustris) compared to Egyptian Rorippa species to evaluate their chemosystematic significance as well as screen cytotoxicity of R. palustris extract. Methods The chemical components of defatted hydroalcoholic R. palustris extract were analyzed using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry technique. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated by using MTT assay against four carcinoma cell lines. Results Sixteen compounds corresponding to flavonoids (kaempferol and quercetin derivatives), phenolic acids (gallic, coumaric and ferulic acids derivatives) and an anthocyanin (delphinine derivative) were identified or tentatively characterized, of which ten compounds were detected for the first time from R. palustris. Moreover, R. palustris extract showed a moderate activity against MCF7 and A549 cell lines at 100 mg/mL with cell viability of 47.3% and 65.4%, respectively. Conclusions The phenolic profile and the morphological characters of R. paluatris seem to be in relation with those of Rorippa indica, which can be considered as an indicative parameter for its medicinal importance.