Moritz Link

Innovative and efficient strategy of calibrating Sentinel-1

In the frame of the GMES program, the main objective of the Sentinel-1 mission is to ensure the continuity of SAR data acquisitions for SAR applications in C-band for global earth monitoring. But in contrast to SAR systems already existing in C-band like ASAR/ENVISAT or RADARSAT-2, high demands on the radiometric accuracy are made. Thus, product quality is of paramount importance and the success or failure of the mission depends essentially on the method of calibrating the entire Sentinel-1 system in an efficient way. This paper describes the strategy and the method of calibrating Sentinel-1.

PHYSICS-based retrieval of scattering albedo and vegetation optical depth using multi-sensor data integration

Vegetation optical depth and scattering albedo are crucial parameters within the widely used τ-ω model for passive microwave remote sensing of vegetation and soil. A multi-sensor data integration approach using ICESat lidar vegetation heights and SMAP radar as well as radiometer data enables a direct retrieval of the two parameters on a physics-derived basis. The crucial step within the retrieval methodology is the calculus of the vegetation scattering coefficient KS, where one exact and three approximated solutions are provided. It is shown that, when using the assumption of a randomly oriented volume, the backscatter measurements of the radar provide a sufficient first order estimate and subsequently lead to effective estimates of vegetation optical depth and scattering albedo acquired with the novel multi-sensor approach.

Estimation of vegetation loss coefficients and canopy penetration depths from smap radiometer and ICESat lidar data

In this study the framework of the τ — ω model is used to derive vegetation loss coefficients and canopy penetration depths from SMAP multi-temporal retrievals of vegetation optical depth, single scattering albedo and ICESat lidar vegetation heights. The vegetation loss coefficients serve as a global indicator of how strong absorption and scattering processes attenuate L-band microwave radiation. By inverting the vegetation loss coefficients, penetration depths into the canopy can be obtained, which are displayed for the global forest reservoirs. A simple penetration index is formed combining vegetation heights and penetration depth estimates. The distribution and level of this index reveal that for densely forested areas in the tropics the soil signal is attenuated considerably, and this attenuation must be carefully accounted for in soil moisture retrieval algorithms.