Muhammad Amar

GPS-GSM Integration for Enhancing Public Transportation Management Services

This paper proposes and implements a solution for enhancing public transportation management services based on GPS and GSM in Punjab province of Pakistan. The system consists of four modules: BUS Station Module, In-BUS Module, BASE Station Module and BUS Stop Module. Equipped with PC and GSM modem, BUS Station Module sends the initialization information containing the bus number and license plate number to In-BUS Module and BASE Station Module using SMS. The microcontroller based In-BUS Module consisting mainly of a GPS receiver and GSM modem then starts transmitting its location and number of passengers to BASE Station Module. BASE Station Module equipped with a microcontroller unit and GSM modems interfaced to PCs is designed to keep track record of every bus, processes user request about a particular bus location out of BUS Station and updates buses location on bus stops. BUS Stop Module is installed at every bus stop and consists of a GSM modem, memory unit and dot matrix display all interfaced to a microcontroller. This module receives buses location information coming towards that stop from BASE Station module and displays the information on a dot matrix display. A per stop statistical analysis is carried out based on the number of passengers and a recommendation report along with this analysis is sent to Punjab Government Transportation Department to have a check on the performance and services offered by transporters to common people. The results have shown that the developed system is useful for facilitating people using public transportation services.

Microcontroller Based Neural Network Controlled Low Cost Autonomous Vehicle

In this paper, design of a low cost autonomous vehicle based on neural network for navigation in unknown environments is presented. The vehicle is equipped with four ultrasonic sensors for hurdle distance measurement, a wheel encoder for measuring distance traveled, a compass for heading information, a GPS receiver for goal position information, a GSM modem for changing destination place on run time and a nonvolatile RAM for storing waypoint data; all interfaced to a low cost AT89C52 microcontroller. The microcontroller processes the information acquired from the sensors and generates robot motion commands accordingly through neural network. The neural network running inside the microcontroller is a multilayer feed-forward network with back-propagation training algorithm. The network is trained offline with tangent-sigmoid as activation function for neurons and is implemented in real time with piecewise linear approximation of tangent-sigmoid function. Results have shown that upto twenty neurons can be implemented in hidden layer with this technique. The vehicle is tested with varying destination places in outdoor environments containing stationary as well as moving obstacles and is found to reach the set targets successfully.

RFID Based Security and Access Control System

 Abstract—This paper describes the design of RFID based security and access control system for use in hostels inside the Punjab University premises. The system combines RFID technology and biometrics to accomplish the required task. When the RFID reader installed at the entrance of hostel detects a number, the system captures the user image and scans the database for a match. If both the card and captured image belong to a registered user, access is granted; otherwise the system turns on the alarm and makes an emergency call to the security van through GSM modem. In this way, the suspicious persons can be caught.

Design and low cost implementation of a fuzzy logic controller for wall following behavior of a mobile robot

This paper describes the design of a fuzzy logic based intelligent controller for wall following behavior of a differentially steered mobile robot. The distance of robot from the wall and its orientation with respect to the wall is read with the help of three ultrasonic sensors mounted on left side of robot. The measured sensor values are fed to fuzzy logic controller that generates motor commands for the robot to follow wall on its left side at a set distance. The designed fuzzy logic controller is implemented using a low cost single chip AT89C52 microcontroller and its performance is evaluated for different wall trajectories. Experimental results are presented to show the validity of designed controller for wall following behavior of a mobile robot.

Vehicle Detection and Shape Recognition Using Optical Sensors: A Review

Optical systems are well suited for traffic observation and management. The real-time requirements can be met by implementation of appropriate image processing algorithms in hardware. Being one of the most important applications of optical sensors, vision-based vehicle detection and shape recognition for collecting information about road congestion, for driver assistance and for providing information for future development of roads has received considerable attention over the last one-two decades. There are many reasons for the intense research in this field including security requirements in the countries, the increased number of road accidents, the increased number of vehicles on the roads and the availability of feasible computer technologies that has brought a tremendous progress for computer vision research. This paper provides a critical survey of recent vision based road vehicle detection and shape recognition systems appeared in the literature.

A low cost microcontroller implementation of neural network based hurdle avoidance controller for a car-like robot

This paper describes the implementation of a neural network based hurdle avoidance controller for a car like robot using a low cost single chip 89C52 microcontroller. The neural network is the multilayer feed-forward network with back propagation training algorithm. The network is trained offline with tangent-sigmoid as activation function for neurons and is implemented in real time with piecewise linear approximation of tangent-sigmoid function. Results have shown that up-to twenty neurons in hidden layer can be deployed with the proposed technique using a single 89C52 microcontroller. The vehicle is tested in various environments containing obstacles and is found to avoid obstacles in its path successfully.

A low cost microcontroller implementation of fuzzy logic based hurdle avoidance controller for a mobile robot

This paper describes the design of a fuzzy logic based hurdle avoidance controller for mobile robot navigation in noisy and uncertain environments. The employed controller is a two input, two output system. The inputs to the controller are ‘distance to hurdle’ information from two SRF05 ultrasonic sensors mounted in front of the robot. The outputs from controller are speed commands for two drive wheels. The controller is first designed in MATLAB® and its rule base is optimized for best possible results. It is then implemented using a cheap and readily available AT89C52 microcontroller. The robot with the proposed controller is finally tested in various environments containing obstacles and is found to avoid the obstacles in its way successfully.

Design and implementation of fuzzy logic based autonomous car for navigation in unknown environments

The paper describes the design and implementation of an intelligent autonomous vehicle that can navigate without human operator in unknown environments. Equipped with ultrasonic sensors, GPS receiver and camera, the vehicle can reach the destination by avoiding the obstacles in its way and followings the lanes on roads. Ultrasonic sensor and GPS receiver are interfaced to AT89C52 microcontroller which implements hurdle avoidance and goal reaching behavior at low level while camera is interfaced to PC for road following task at higher level. The designed vehicle has modular structure and more modules can be added without much complexity.

Cost effective wireless attendence and access control system

In this paper, design of a cost effective RF based attendance and access control system for office use is presented. The design utilizes a low cost and readily available wireless door bell for wireless transmission of user information. The user module consists of an AT89C52 microcontroller which transmits different codes using transmitter section of door bell corresponding to various push buttons for attendance and access control purposes. The receiver section of door bell is also interfaced to AT89C52 microcontroller which recognizes the code and passes it to central computer through serial port interface. Computer software developed using Visual Basic keeps record of check-in and check-out time of employees and calculates the salary accordingly. In case if the transmitter is lost, the employee is required to inform the central station with the help of a mobile or through emergency device installed at central station for prevention of possible misuse and theft detection.

Design and Implementation of a Fuzzy Logic Controller for Two Wheeled Self Balancing Robot

This paper describes the design of a simple fuzzy logic controller for self balancing robot. The proposed controller is single input, single output controller. The input to the controller is tilt angle and the output forms the speed commands for the motors. The controller is designed using MATLAB and implemented with a low cost readily available AT89C52 microcontroller. Results have proved the validity of the proposed controller for balancing the robot.