Muhammad Firdaus

STRATEGI OPTIMALISASI PENGELOLAAN DANA PERIMBANGAN DI INDONESIA

Varied institutions responsible for agricultural extension in Riau Province have certainly run independently and caused the agricultural extension unproductive, ineffective, and inefficient. This study aims: 1) To identify the structure of agricultural extension institutions in the regional autonomy era in the Riau Province; 2) To analyze the implementation of agricultural extensions in different institutions, 3) To analyze the effect of different extension implementation on the performance of extension workers and the degree of technological application among farmers. This research was conducted from March-April 2008 in Pekanbaru, Kampar Regency and Pelalawan Regency. Methods used in this study were internal and external factors analysis, SWOT analysis (Strengths-Weakness-Opportunities-Threats), and QSPM analysis (Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix). Result showed that: 1) Implementation of Laws Number 22/1999 and Number 32/2004 along with the regulations under the laws had caused the agricultural extensions in the Province of Riau to experience coevolution in the social infrastructure of agricultural extensions; 2) The functions of services and arrangement still dominate the working system of extension; 3) The frequency of LAKU is not fully implemented yet, and 4) Formulated strategy in developing the agricultural extension institutions in the Province of Riau is to form a separate and specific institution that regulates agricultural extension. Keywords: Agriculture, Extension, Institution, Riau Province, StrategiesReducing import tariff rates under the ASEAN-CEPT scheme was considered not significantly to enhance trade flows within the region. Trade facilitation instruments such as mutual recognition arrangement, harmonization on customs procedure and the improvement of other trade-supporting infrastructure were then introduced by the members. Gravity model used in this paper identified a positive impact of such policies in improving trade atmosphere. Local governments can actively play an important role in supporting the conducive environment by providing an efficient bureaucratic system and facilities surrounding harbors. This then reduce transaction cost facing by the private sector and expectedly improve local economic activity in the region. Keyword: ASEAN, Trade Facilitation, Local GovernmentMuna Regency is one of the very potential regencies for the development of plantation subsector. Most people (74.20 % of the population) of Muna Regency work in the sector, but the poverty level in the region is also high. For this reason this study takes the following objectives: 1) to identify the condition of the poor farmers in the Muna Regency; 2) to identify the excellent commodities of each districts which have the role in the economy of Mina Regency; 3) to formulate a plan of poverty alleviation program at the farmer level by developing plantation commodities in Muna Regency. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah: Analisis Location Quotient (LQ), Analisis Kelayakan Finansial, dan Logical Frame Approach (LFA). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa: 1) Komoditas unggulan perkebunan yang berperan dalam perekonomian perdesaan di Kabupaten Muna relatif seragam. Komoditi jambu Mete muncul sebagai komoditas unggulan di hampir semua kecamatan di Kabupaten Muna. 2) Komoditas kelapa, kopi, jambu mete, kemiri dan coklat/kakao memiliki kinerja finansial yang masih layak untuk dikembangkan kerana memiliki NPV yang positif, Nilai BC Ratio masih memberikan keuntungan dan nilai IRR yang lebih tinggi dari suku bunga tabungan di bank. 3) Strategi pengembangan komoditas unggulan di Kabupaten Muna adalah melalui kerjasama pemasaran produk dengan pedagang pengumpul desa yang perlu di tingkatkan. Keywords: Strategy, Poverty Alleviation, Plantation CommoditiesAgribusiness and local economic development have a close connection. Agricultural development through agribusiness approach has proven to improve local economic development in many countries: increase added value and income of farmers, and create job opportunities for the people. Main commodities grown in Kapuas District, Province of Central Kalimantan are rice, rubber, and fish and livestock products. However, those commodities have not yet developed according to agribusiness principals, since most of them are sold as raw materials, thus the region losses its economic potential from processing those products. The objective of this paper is to explore agribusiness development strategy in Kapuas Regency to be able to contribute to local economic development. To meet this objective, agribusiness in Kapuas Regency should be based on local condition and resources, by considering local agro-ecosystem, social principal (fairness, democracy), economic principal (market oriented, competitiveness, added value, and job opportunity), and supported by sufficient local government policy through institutional, technology and capital development. Keyword: agribusiness, local economy development, competitiveness, added value, Kapuas regency.The Government of Banten Province during the years 2011-2014 has not received an Unqualified Opinion (WTP) of The Supreme Audit Agency (BPK) in its financial statements. The opinion had been given by BPK during the years of 2011-2012 is The Qualified Opinion (WDP). The opinion for years of 2013-2014 is Disclaimer Opinion (TMP).The key to giving WDP and TMP, among others, for the presentation of assets are considered not meet the principles of fairness appropriate presentation of The Government Accounting Standards (SAP). The research objective to describe fixed asset management system. The results of the performance of the system in the form of presentation of fixed assets. The next goal to identify internal and external factors affecting fixed asset management system. The ultimate destination for formulating strategies to improve management of fixed assets. The study was conducted in The Government of Banten Province, particularly the Bureau of Equipment and Assets (BPA) under the Regional Secretary and all work units (SKPD). Methods for assessing the performance of the presentation of fixed assets is Transformation Index. Identification of factors that affect the management of assets and formulate a strategy used SWOT Analysis Method. Methods of Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP) to ge the priority of a strategy based on expert opinion. Conclusion the study shows the priority of asset management strategy is a strategy to improve the quality of data assets, strategy implementation Improvement Action Plan (RTP) and strategies for improving inter-agency cooperation. The formulation of the strategy is also supported by the proposed program of each strategy. The results of the study are expected to improve fixed asset management system and its implementation in The Government of Banten Province. Key words: financial statement, fixed asset, strategy ABSTRAK Pemerintah Provinsi Banten selama tahun 2011-2014 belum memperoleh opini Wajar Tanpa Pengecualian (WTP) dari Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (BPK) pada laporan keuangannya. Opini yang diberikan oleh BPK untuk tahun 2011 dan 2012 adalah Wajar Dengan Pengecualian (WDP). Opini untuk tahun 2013 dan 2014 berupa Tidak Menyatakan Pendapat (TMP). Kunci dari pemberian opini WDP dan TMP antara lain karena penyajian aset tetap dianggap belum memenuhi prinsip kewajaran penyajian sesuai Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah (SAP). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan sistem pengelolaan aset tetap. Hasil dari sistem berupa kinerja penyajian aset tetap. Tujuan berikutnya mengidentifikasi faktor internal dan eksternal yang mempengaruhi sistem pengelolaan aset tetap. Tujuan terakhir untuk merumuskan strategi perbaikan pengelolaan aset tetap. Penelitian dilakukan pada Pemerintah Provinsi Banten, khususnya Biro Perlengkapan dan Aset (BPA) di bawah Sekretaris Daerah beserta seluruh Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah (SKPD). Metode untuk menilai kinerja penyajian aset tetap adalah Transformasi Indek. Identifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengelolaan aset dan merumuskan strategi digunakan Metode Analisis SWOT. Metode Analisis Hierarchy Process (AHP) membantu pemilihan prioritas strategi berdasarkan pendapat ahli. Kesimpulan penelitian menunjukkan prioritas strategi pengelolaan aset adalah strategi peningkatan kualitas aset data, strategi pelaksanaan Rencana Tindak Perbaikan (RTP)/ action plan dan strategi peningkatan kerjasama antar lembaga. Perumusan strategi juga ditunjang dengan usulan kebijakan/program terhadap masing-masing strategi. Hasil dari penelitian diharapkan dapat memperbaiki sistem pengelolaan aset tetap dan pelaksanaannya di Pemerintah Provinsi Banten. Kata Kunci: Laporan Keuangan, Aset Tetap, Strategi

China-ASEAN Free Trade: Complementary or Competition

Indonesia and ASEAN countries generally have relatively the same resource, mainly as a fellow producer of agricultural products. Joining Chinainto the regional economic integration through theagreement China-ASEAN Free Trade Area (CAFTA), giving new opportunities and challenges for them. The opportunities come from the openingof the large market of China whose many products are relatively different. But it is also a challenge because of the pressure of competition. Competition pressures come not only because of the influx of cheaper Chinese products, but also competition among ASEAN countries due to the similarity of their products. For example, Indonesia and Malaysia are the two largest palm oil exporters in the world, and Thailand (with Indonesia) is the worlds major exporters of natural rubber. This paper aims to examine the trend of complementarity and similarity CAFTA countries and the correlation to exports trend. By using annual time series data 1995-2010, the analysis is based on the two main indicators; complementarity and export similarity index.