Muhammad Mohtasheemul Hasan

Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Fixed Oil in Rodents

The seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris are known as common beans or kidney beans. The dry seeds are eaten as pulse and are enriched with protein, fiber, starch, B vitamins (B1, B6, B9), iron, potassium and selenium. Beans also contain about 1-2 % of fixed oil. Phaseolus vulgaris is linked with anticancer, antihyperlipidemic, hypoglycemic and antioxidant actions. The fixed oil of Phaseolus vulgaris (PVFO) seeds is extracted with hexane and used in this study to assess acute oral toxicity, analgesic (by acetic acid induced writhing, hot plate and tail flick tests in mice) and anti-inflammatory (by carrageenan induced paw edema in rats) actions. Four groups were made (n=6): Group-I: Normal Saline Control (2ml/kg), Group-II: PVFO (2ml/kg), Group-III: PVFO (4ml/kg) and Group-IV: Standard Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA 300 mg/kg). PVFO in 2ml/kg and 4ml/kg dose demonstrated analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities but in hot plate results were unreliable as here significant activity started after 90 minutes. For toxicity test 5ml/kg dose was administered orally in mice and no toxicity symptoms were observed. It is therefore concluded that PVFO is safe for oral use up to 5ml/kg and may possess analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions.

The mechanistic insight of polyphenols in calcium oxalate urolithiasis mitigation

About 12% of world population is affected by different forms of urolithiasis of which the recurrence rate in female is 47-60% and in male is 70-80%. Standard therapeutic agents (allopurinol, citrate, cystone and thiazide diuretics) are used to prevent and treat urolithiasis but these are not universally-effective due to common kidney stone relapse and other side effects. Surgical treatment causes long-term renal damage, hypertension and stone recurrence. Polyphenols, the plant-derived bioactive molecules, have showed protection against cancers, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, osteoporosis and neurodegenerative diseases, among a number of other ailments. The role of these phytochemicals in urolithiasis management is emerging. Hence, the present review discusses peer-reviewed published literature till date on this aspect and highlights that polyphenols could effectively inhibit the formation of calcium oxalate urinary stones (most common renal stone), correlating with their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, diuretic and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. Further, we have proposed the prospects and challenges in developing the plant polyphenols into drugs against kidney stone prevention. This review might be a stepping stone for further investigation into the clinical implications of the polyphenols in urolithiasis remediation.

PHOSPHATE TYPE KIDNEY STONE (BRUSHITE) FORMATION IN GEL: A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY ON GROWTH PATTERNS

Brushites are most commonly found phosphate stones in the kidneys, ureters and urinary bladder. The study was conducted to observe the possible growth patterns of brushite crystals in gel for 14 days. The crystals formation was observed as a bullet, needle, platy, columnar shaped and their aggregates. These shapes were further explained by Magono and Lee meteorological classification. Beside the morphology, average size, number and weight of crystals were also observed at 7th and 14th day. Energy Dispersive X-ray, Fourier Transform Infra Red spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy were used to characterize the crystals. These results can help to determine the promotion, modulation and inhibition of the crystals which will be helpful to evaluate the risk factors and prophylactic management of brushite type urinary stones.

NEAR INFRA RED SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF MACROTYLOMA UNIFLORUM (LAM.) VERDC., PHASEOLUS LUNATUS LINN. A ND PHASEOLUS VULGARIS LINN.

The present study is designed to determine the types of se condary metabolites in three selected seed powders by fast, reliable , and non - destructive Near Infra Red spectroscopic analytical technique. NIRS analysis of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc., Phaseolus lunatus Linn., and Phaseolus vulgaris Linn., seed f lours were done for qualitative evaluation of secondary metabolites. The fine powder of crude drug was directly applied in FOSS XDS near infrared Rapid Content Analyzer. The properly filled powdered sample in a disposable glass silicate vial and closed wit h plastic lid was centrally placed onto the sample presentation glass of Foss Rapid Content Analyzer. The scanning of sample at ambient tempera t ure gives NIR spectra within 30 seconds . The major proposed compounds in M. uniflorum were 3,4 - dihydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, kaempferol, linolenic acid, niacin, quercetin, sinapinic acid, syringic acid , and vanillic acid. Whereas, coumaric acid, fructose, galactose, L - serine, raffinose, stachyose, sucrose, threonin e, and tyrosine were detected in P. lunatus and the NIR suggested the presence of caffeic acid, ferulic acid, sinapinic acid, phytic acid, leucine, and valine in P. vulgaris. NIRS a s an advance innovative technology extensively used in chemical, food, petr ochemical , and pharmaceutical industries for rapid and reliable standardization . The present study revealed a good correlation to conclude that flour samples of all the three legume seeds could potentially be added to food system to achieve nutritional an d functional benefits.