Network


Latest external collaboration on country level. Dive into details by clicking on the dots.

Hotspot


Dive into the research topics where Zafar Alam Mahmood is active.

Publication


Featured researches published by Zafar Alam Mahmood.


Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine | 2014

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Piper nigrum L.

Farhana Tasleem; Iqbal Azhar; Syed Nawazish Ali; Shaista Perveen; Zafar Alam Mahmood

OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of pure compound, piperine along with hexane and ethanol extracts of Piper nigrum L. fruit in mice and rats. METHODS The analgesic activity was determined by tail immersion method, analgesy-meter, hot plate and acetic acid induced writhing test. While the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan-induced paw inflammation in rats. RESULTS Piperine at a dose of 5 mg/kg and ethanol extract at a dose of 15 mg/kg after 120 min and hexane extract at a dose of 10 mg/kg after 60 min exhibited significant (P<0.05) analgesic activity by tail immersion method, in comparison to ethanol extract at a dose of 10 mg/kg using analgesy-meter in rats. However, with hotplate method, piperine produced significant (P<0.05) analgesic activity at lower doses (5 and 10 mg/kg) after 120 min. A similar analgesic activity was noted with hexane extract at 15 mg/kg. However, in writhing test, ethanol extract significantly (P<0.05) stopped the number of writhes at a dose of 15 mg/kg, while piperine at a dose of 10 mg/kg completely terminated the writhes in mice. In the evaluation of anti-inflammatory effect using plethysmometer, piperine at doses of 10 and 15 mg/kg started producing anti-inflammatory effect after 30 min, which lasted till 60 min, whereas hexane and ethanol extracts also produced a similar activity at a slightly low dose (10 mg/kg) but lasted for 120 min. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded from the present study that Piper nigrum L possesses potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.


Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants | 2014

Biological Activities Assessment of Centella asiatica (Linn.)

Rafi Akhtar Sultan; Saad Bin Zafar Mahmood; Iqbal Azhar; Syed Waseemuddin Ahmed; Zafar Alam Mahmood

Biological activities of Centella asiatica were determined as cytotoxic activity–LD50 = 1926 μg.mL−1 using Artemia salina; mild insecticidal activity (40% mortality) against Rhyzopertha dominica; no activity against Tribolium castaneum and Callosobruchus analis; phytotoxicity (70% growth regulation at 1,000 μg.mL−1 and 10% growth regulation at 10 μg.mL−1) against Lemna minor. Mild antibacterial and antifungal activities were noted against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans, while no activity was noted against Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli. Antioxidant performance was comparable to ascorbic acid, and analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities comparable with aspirin at 100 mg.kg−1b.w.


Separation Science and Technology | 2018

Modulation of extraction variables of pectin from Manilkarazapota fruit peel, its bio characterization, and comparative study using dynamic light scattering studies

Nausheen Hameed Siddiqui; Syed Abid Ali; Iqbal Azhar; Omer Mukhtar Tarar; Zafar Alam Mahmood

ABSTRACT Influence of variables has a great impact upon yield of pectin. The present study was organized to harmonize these variables and examine the extracted pectin. In view of this, bio-characterizion and structure analysis of pectin through FTIR was performed. Additionally, a polydispersity and particle size study was also conducted using dynamic light scattering (DLS) of the Manilkarazapota fruit peel. The best extraction variables according to the response optimization predicted model were noted as pH of 5 at 61.11°C for 90 min of heating time, which lead to a 3.7% yield. Bio-characterization revealed that pectin extracted at pH 5 has characteristics similar to HM pectin influence of methoxyl content, degree of esterification, and Galacturonic acid content at 5.11%, 73. 63%, and 77.7%, respectively. The FTIR spectrum depicted a similar surface structure to food-grade pectin. DLS studies revealed that extracted pectin at pH 5 has a particle size in the range of 390.21–421.17 nm and polydispersity (Đ) of 28.2%-29.3%. These findings indicate that sapodilla is a potential source of pectin for food and pharmaceutical preparation.


Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy | 2018

The mechanistic insight of polyphenols in calcium oxalate urolithiasis mitigation

Salman Ahmed; Muhammad Mohtasheemul Hasan; Haroon Khan; Zafar Alam Mahmood; Seema Patel

About 12% of world population is affected by different forms of urolithiasis of which the recurrence rate in female is 47-60% and in male is 70-80%. Standard therapeutic agents (allopurinol, citrate, cystone and thiazide diuretics) are used to prevent and treat urolithiasis but these are not universally-effective due to common kidney stone relapse and other side effects. Surgical treatment causes long-term renal damage, hypertension and stone recurrence. Polyphenols, the plant-derived bioactive molecules, have showed protection against cancers, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, osteoporosis and neurodegenerative diseases, among a number of other ailments. The role of these phytochemicals in urolithiasis management is emerging. Hence, the present review discusses peer-reviewed published literature till date on this aspect and highlights that polyphenols could effectively inhibit the formation of calcium oxalate urinary stones (most common renal stone), correlating with their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, diuretic and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. Further, we have proposed the prospects and challenges in developing the plant polyphenols into drugs against kidney stone prevention. This review might be a stepping stone for further investigation into the clinical implications of the polyphenols in urolithiasis remediation.


Journal of Pharmaceutical and Scientific Innovation | 2017

PHOSPHATE TYPE KIDNEY STONE (BRUSHITE) FORMATION IN GEL: A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY ON GROWTH PATTERNS

Salman Ahmed; Muhammad Mohtasheemul Hasan; Zafar Alam Mahmood

Brushites are most commonly found phosphate stones in the kidneys, ureters and urinary bladder. The study was conducted to observe the possible growth patterns of brushite crystals in gel for 14 days. The crystals formation was observed as a bullet, needle, platy, columnar shaped and their aggregates. These shapes were further explained by Magono and Lee meteorological classification. Beside the morphology, average size, number and weight of crystals were also observed at 7th and 14th day. Energy Dispersive X-ray, Fourier Transform Infra Red spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy were used to characterize the crystals. These results can help to determine the promotion, modulation and inhibition of the crystals which will be helpful to evaluate the risk factors and prophylactic management of brushite type urinary stones.


Journal of Pharmaceutical and Scientific Innovation | 2016

NEAR INFRA RED SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF MACROTYLOMA UNIFLORUM (LAM.) VERDC., PHASEOLUS LUNATUS LINN. A ND PHASEOLUS VULGARIS LINN.

Salman Ahmed; Rafi Akhtar Sultan; Muhammad Mohtasheemul Hasan; Zafar Alam Mahmood

The present study is designed to determine the types of se condary metabolites in three selected seed powders by fast, reliable , and non - destructive Near Infra Red spectroscopic analytical technique. NIRS analysis of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc., Phaseolus lunatus Linn., and Phaseolus vulgaris Linn., seed f lours were done for qualitative evaluation of secondary metabolites. The fine powder of crude drug was directly applied in FOSS XDS near infrared Rapid Content Analyzer. The properly filled powdered sample in a disposable glass silicate vial and closed wit h plastic lid was centrally placed onto the sample presentation glass of Foss Rapid Content Analyzer. The scanning of sample at ambient tempera t ure gives NIR spectra within 30 seconds . The major proposed compounds in M. uniflorum were 3,4 - dihydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, kaempferol, linolenic acid, niacin, quercetin, sinapinic acid, syringic acid , and vanillic acid. Whereas, coumaric acid, fructose, galactose, L - serine, raffinose, stachyose, sucrose, threonin e, and tyrosine were detected in P. lunatus and the NIR suggested the presence of caffeic acid, ferulic acid, sinapinic acid, phytic acid, leucine, and valine in P. vulgaris. NIRS a s an advance innovative technology extensively used in chemical, food, petr ochemical , and pharmaceutical industries for rapid and reliable standardization . The present study revealed a good correlation to conclude that flour samples of all the three legume seeds could potentially be added to food system to achieve nutritional an d functional benefits.


Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences | 2016

Pharmaceutical Evaluation of Cefuroxime Axetil Tablets Available in Drug Market of Pakistan

Fozia Israr; Zafar Alam Mahmood; Fouzia Hassan; Syed Muhammad Farid Hasan

Cefuroxime is a second generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a broad spectrum activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The purpose of this research work was to evaluate the pharmaceutical quality standards of four different brands of cefuroxime axetil 125 mg tablets with different price ranges purchased from retail pharmacies of Pakistan. The brands were tested for physicochemical evaluation and in vitro dissolution studies in different medium like 0.07N HCl, distilled water, 0.1N HCl of pH 1.2 and phosphate buffers of pH 4.5 and pH 6.8. Statistical analysis, model dependent (zero order, first order, Korsmeyer-Peppas, Hixson-Crowell, Weibull) and model independent (Difference f1, similarity f2) approaches were applied to multiple dissolution profile of all brands. All brands were found to be similar with reference and meeting the compendial quality standard. Inter brand variation was observed in disintegration time and assay which was resulted in significant differences (P<0.05) in drug release data and Weibull was observed as best fill model.


History of Toxicology and Environmental Health#R##N#Toxicology in Antiquity II | 2015

Kohl Use in Antiquity: Effects on the Eye

Zafar Alam Mahmood; Iqbal Azhar; S. Waseemuddin Ahmed

Abstract Ancient civilizations used a vast number of natural substances in ophthalmic preparations. These preparations were not only used to treat and prevent eye disease, but were also applied to protect the eyes from harsh physicochemical environmental conditions as well as for cosmetic purposes. One such preparation was given the name kohl, the main constituent of which is lead sulfide, commonly known as galena. Kohl may contain certain herbs and natural substances in an ultrafine powder for application to the eyes. Its use is especially associated with ancient Egypt, one of history’s most highly developed civilizations, which endured for over 3000 years and had widespread global influence. It has been proposed that the discipline of ophthalmology may have developed in Egypt. Recent findings suggest that Egyptian eye preparations in the form of kohl led to increases in the production of nitric oxide, a chemical substance with antimicrobial properties. Nitric oxide has also been reported to be an important regulator of ocular blood flow, which is involved in controlling basal blood flow in the choroid, the optic nerve, and the retina. These findings have led to greater attention to the history, chemistry, and scientific background of kohl with regard to its effect on the eyes.Ancient civilizations used a vast number of natural substances in ophthalmic preparations. These preparations were not only used to treat and prevent eye disease, but were also applied to protect the eyes from harsh physicochemical environmental conditions as well as for cosmetic purposes. One such preparation was given the name kohl, the main constituent of which is lead sulfide, commonly known as galena. Kohl may contain certain herbs and natural substances in an ultrafine powder for application to the eyes. Its use is especially associated with ancient Egypt, one of history’s most highly developed civilizations, which endured for over 3,000 years and had widespread global influence. It has been proposed that the discipline of ophthalmology may have developed in Egypt. Recent findings suggest that Egyptian eye preparations in the form of kohl led to increases in the production of nitric oxide, a chemical substance with antimicrobial properties. Nitric oxide has also been reported to be an important regulator of ocular blood flow, which is involved in controlling basal blood flow in the choroid, the optic nerve, and the retina. These findings have led to greater attention to the history, chemistry, and scientific background of kohl with regard to its effect on the eyes.


Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences | 2014

Formulation design and evaluation of Cefuroxime axetil 125 mg immediate release tablets using different concentration of sodium lauryl sulphate as solubility enhancer

Fozia Israr; Zafar Alam Mahmood; Fouzia Hassan; Syed Muhammad Farid Hasan; Sabahat Jabeen; Shazia Naz; Lubna Bashir

Formularam-se comprimidos de liberacao imediata a base de cefuroxima axetil, pelo metodo de compressao direta, com diferentes percentagens de lauril sulfato de sodio (LSS), tais como 0,5, 1,0, 1,5, e tambem sem SLS. Os lotes resultantes dos comprimidos foram avaliados por ambos os metodos da farmacopeia e nao farmacopeicos para determinar as propriedades fisico-mecânicas. O teste de dissolucao foi realizado em meios diferentes, como HCl 0,07 M, agua destilada, HCl 0,1 M com pH 1,2 e os tampoes fosfato (pH 4,5 e 6,8) para observar a liberacao do farmaco contra a correspondente concentracao de LSS utilizado. Em seguida, as formulacoes de teste foram comparadas por fatores f1 (dissimilaridade) e f2 (similaridade), utilizando uma marca de referencia de cefuroxima axetil. Diferencas significativas (p<0,05) na taxa de dissolucao foram registradas com a mudanca na concentracao de LSS em diferentes meios de dissolucao. A formulacao T3 contendo LSS a 1% foi considerada a melhor formulacao otimizada com base nos ensaios de desintegracao, dissolucao e fatores de semelhanca e dissimilaridade.


IOSR Journal of Pharmacy | 2012

Insecticidal Activity of Castanospermum australe against stored Grain Pest Callosobruchus analis

Zafar Alam Mahmood; Salman Ahmed; Syed Waseemuddin Ahmed; Muhammad

The butanol fraction of the leaves of Castanospermum australe Cunn. & Fraser., was tested on adult Callosobruchus analis (pulse beetle) for its insecticidal activity by impregnation method at concentration of 3, 9, 48, 240 and 354 µg / cm 2 . The result showed that the extract is toxic to Callosobruchus analis and the LD50 was found to be 38 g/cm 2 .

Collaboration


Dive into the Zafar Alam Mahmood's collaboration.

Top Co-Authors

Avatar
Top Co-Authors

Avatar
Top Co-Authors

Avatar
Top Co-Authors

Avatar
Top Co-Authors

Avatar
Top Co-Authors

Avatar
Top Co-Authors

Avatar
Top Co-Authors

Avatar
Top Co-Authors

Avatar
Top Co-Authors

Avatar
Researchain Logo
Decentralizing Knowledge