Muhammad Nazir Alias

Graph-based text representation for Malay translated hadith text

Text representation plays an important role in text classification. Commonly, text representation uses the term frequency technique. Hadith texts consist of two parts; they are the chain of narrators and the content. The term frequency technique is usually used for the content text representation. This research explains the text representation for chain of narrators in hadith texts. The chain of narrators was depicted using graph technique as text representation. A total of 18 hadith texts were used in representing chain of narrators as text representation. The narrators name and relationships between narrators extracted from hadith texts which produced 82 narrator names and 85 connections between narrators. The 82 names were used as nodes, while the 85 connections as the relationships. The text representation graph subsequently used in the hadith text classification research based on chain of narrators.

The status of insurance as an alternative to aqilah for diyat payments pertaining to road accidents

Di sesetengah negara Islam, kes-kes kemalangan jalan raya dikategorikan sebagai kesalahan kecederaan dan membunuh tidak sengaja. Undang-undang negara tersebut memperuntukkan pihak yang terkilan untuk menuntut bayaran diyat daripada pesalah yang akan dibayar oleh aqilah iaitu ahli keluarga lelaki. Persoalan yang timbul, sejauh mana sistem aqilah dapat digantikan oleh institusi insurans sebagai pembayar diyat kepada mangsa atau keluarganya? Objektif artikel ini dibuat ialah untuk melihat sejauh mana institusi insurans berpotensi untuk menggantikan peranan aqilah dalam membayar diyat bagi kes-kes kemalangan jalan raya. Perkara ini penting untuk dikaji kerana institusi insurans ialah institusi kewangan yang lebih efektif dalam melindungi para pencarumnya dan berpotensi untuk menggantikan sistem aqilah yang terlalu terhad kapasiti kewangannya. Kajian mendapati bahawa institusi insurans berpotensi untuk menggantikan peranan sistem aqilah dalam pembayaran diyat kepada mangsa atau keluarganya yang terlibat dalam kes kemalangan jalan raya. Institusi insurans mempunyai persamaan dengan sistem aqilah daripada aspek konsep asas, peranan dan juga operasi dalam mencapai matlamat sistem aqilah. ****************************************************************************************** In some Islamic countries, traffic accidents are categorised as unintentional harm or fatality cases. The laws of these countries allow for the aggrieved party to demand diyat (compensation for the loss suffered) from the offender that may be paid by their aqilah (in its original context, means community or tribe), or male family members. The question that then arises is to what extent can the aqilah be replaced by insurance agencies as the payer of diyat to the victim(s) or their respected families? The objective of this article is to determine this extent, specifically with regards to traffic accidents. This is an issue of great significance because insurance agencies are better equipped and more effective at providing coverage and protection to their policyholders, and as such have the potential to replace the aqilah system in situations where the financial means for such a payment is not present. Studies have shown that insurance agencies do indeed possess the potential to replace the aqilah system in the capacity of diyat compensation to victim(s) or their families, especially in the case of road accidents. It should be pointed out that insurance agencies possess inherent similarities to the aqilah system, particularly in relation to its basic concept, role and execution in achieving the same goals.