Muhammad Salleh Abustan

A Study of Flood Evacuation Center Using GIS and Remote Sensing Technique

This research demonstrated the use of Remote Sensing technique and GIS to determine the suitability of an evacuation center. This study was conducted in Batu Pahat areas that always hit by a series of flood. The data of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was obtained by ASTER database that has been used to delineate extract contour line and elevation. Landsat 8 image was used for classification purposes such as land use map. Remote Sensing incorporate with GIS techniques was used to determined the suitability location of the evacuation center from contour map of flood affected areas in Batu Pahat. GIS will calculate the elevation of the area and information about the country of the area, the road access and percentage of the affected area. The flood affected area map may provide the suitability of the flood evacuation center during the several levels of flood. The suitability of evacuation centers can be determined based on several criteria and the existing data of the evacuation center will be analysed. From the analysis among 16 evacuation center listed, there are only 8 evacuation center suitable for the usage during emergency situation. The suitability analysis was based on the location and the road access of the evacuation center toward the flood affected area. There are 10 new locations with suitable criteria of evacuation center proposed on the study area to facilitate the process of rescue and evacuating flood victims to much safer and suitable locations. The results of this study will help in decision making processes and indirectly will help organization such as fire-fighter and the Department of Social Welfare in their work. Thus, this study can contribute more towards the society.

Numerical Simulation of Evacuation Process in Malaysia By Using Distinct-Element-Method Based Multi-Agent Model

In Malaysia, not many researches on crowd evacuation simulation had been reported. Hence, the development of numerical crowd evacuation process by taking into account people behavioral patterns and psychological characteristics is crucial in Malaysia. On the other hand, tsunami disaster began to gain attention of Malaysian citizens after the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami that need quick evacuation process. In relation to the above circumstances, we have conducted simulations of tsunami evacuation process at the Miami Beach of Penang Island by using Distinct Element Method (DEM)-based crowd behavior simulator. The main objectives are to investigate and reproduce current conditions of evacuation process at the said locations under different hypothetical scenarios for the efficiency study of the evacuation. The sim-1 is initial condition of evacuation planning while sim-2 as improvement of evacuation planning by adding new evacuation area. From the simulation result, sim-2 have a shorter time of evacuation process compared to the sim-1. The evacuation time recuded 53 second. The effect of the additional evacuation place is confirmed from decreasing of the evacuation completion time. Simultaneously, the numerical simulation may be promoted as an effective tool in studying crowd evacuation process.

A microscopic dynamics of crowd behavior for crowd evacuation simulation in the event of a Tsunami disaster

This paper attempts to demonstrate the simulation of evacuation in the event of a tsunami disaster from the perspectives of microscopic dynamics of crowd behavior. In this contribution, microscopic modeling is performed by using DEM-based crowd behavior simulator, CBS-DE, in which each individual in a crowd is modeled distinctly. The simulator is capable to track the trajectory and rotation of each individual and therefore, suitable in reproducing the details of the evacuation process. In relation to the evacuation process, we have conducted a study at Langkawi International Airport, Malaysia (LIA). Current condition of evacuation process at LIA was reproduced microscopically under two conjectural scenarios. By using microscopic model, adverse scenarios at LIA were studied to highlight the evacuation behavior. The scenario where evacuees have to change their direction can be simulated significantly. In the present conducted simulations, a realistic scenario of an evacuation process evolving in the dynamics virtual 3D environment was produced. Time series of the accumulative number of persons completed the evacuation was presented graphically.