Muhammet Emin Guldur

Primary Hydatid Cyst: An Unusual Cause of a Mass in the Supraclavicular Region of the Neck

Hydatid disease, also known as echinococcosis or hydatidosis, is an infectious disease caused by the cestode Echinococcus. Echinococcus granulosus is the most common Echinococcus species affecting human beings. It may affect any organ and tissue in the body, in particular the liver and lung. Musculoskeletal or soft tissue hydatidosis accounts for about 0.5% 5% of all echinococcal infections in endemic areas, and is almost always secondary to the hepatic or pulmonary disease. Even in regions where echinococcosis is endemic, hydatidosis of cervicofacial region is extremely rare. Herein, we present exceptionally rare case with an unusual localization of primary hydatid cyst in the left supraclavicular region of the neck. Keywords Hydatid cyst; Supraclavicular region; Neck; Unusual localization

Is D2-40 a useful marker for distinguishing malignant mesothelioma from pulmonary adenocarcinoma and benign mesothelial proliferations?

Since pulmonary adenocarcinomas, malignant mesotheliomas (MM), and sometimes benign mesothelial proliferations show a great histomorphological resemblance to each other, an immunohistochemical panel is usually necessary for differential diagnosis. D2-40 is an available monoclonal antibody, which is already in use as a lymphatic endothelial marker. It has also been suggested to be useful in identifying the mesothelial differentiation. The aim of this study is to compare D2-40 immunostaining in MM, pulmonary adenocarcinoma, and benign mesothelial proliferations. In this retrospective study, D2-40 immunostaining was investigated in 37 cases of MM, 36 cases of pulmonary adenocarcinoma, and 31 cases of benign mesothelial proliferation. The diagnosis of MM had previously been confirmed by a panel including calretinin, CK5/6, and CEA. Predominantly membranous immunoreactivity was observed in 51% of MMs and in 55% of benign mesothelial proliferations. All the 36 pulmonary adenocarcinomas were negative. These results were statistically significant (p<0.001). We believe that D2-40 may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of MM from pleural involvement of pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

Comparison of Osteopontin, β-catenin and hnRNP B1 Expression in Lung Carcinomas

This study was performed to compare osteopontin (OPN), β-catenin and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein B1 (hnRNP B1) immunreactivities in small cell lung carcinomas (SCLC) and non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). Correlation of these three antibodies with grade and clinicopathologic stage of the tumor in NSCLC was also investigated. Twenty-nine SCLC, 6 large cell carcinoma, 36 adenocarcinoma and 30 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), totally 101 cases, were included in this study. OPN, β-catenin and hnRNP B1 expressions were immunohistochemically evaluated. OPN positivity was 6.9% in SCLC and 67% in NSCLC. When NSCLC types were individually considered, OPN positivity was 66.7% in large cell carcinoma, 80% in SCC and 55.6% in adenocarcinomas. β-catenin positivity was observed in 48.6% of NSCLC and none of SCLC cases. These results were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Neither grade nor stage of NSCLC was correlated with osteopontin, β-catenin or hnRNP B1 immunreactivity. We observed that OPN and β-catenin are useful in differentiating SCLC from NSCLC. This may be helpful in small lung biopsies where morphology is obscured by crush artifacts.

A rare cause of difficulty with sexual intercourse: large retroperitoneal leiomyoma.

INTRODUCTION The prevalence of sexual dysfunction is high among women; however, sexual dysfunction secondary to anatomical deformity in women is rare. In addition, primary retroperitoneal leiomyomas are very rare clinical conditions. AIM To present a case with sexual dysfunction secondary to anatomical deformity. METHODS In this article, we report the case of a large retroperitoneal leiomyoma causing sexual dysfunction. RESULTS After the surgical removal of the large retroperitoneal mass, previous intercourse difficulties had been resolved. CONCLUSIONS Retroperitoneal tumors may obstruct the vagina by congesting the pelvic area and may be considered as a possible cause of female sexual dysfunction.

Fundal variant adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder: report of three cases and review of the literature.

Adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder (adenomyomas or adenomyomatous hyperplasia) is relatively uncommon tumor or tumor-like lesions that are found in 2% - 5% of all cholecystectomies. They may involve in the fundal localization as a second frequency and have a predilection for the middle and elderly-aged women. Adenomyomas are histologically characterized by epithelial proliferation and muscular hyperplasia of the gallbladder. The chronic irritation is mostly aetiological factor and rarely has malignant potential. In this paper, the authors present the clinicopathological features of three cases with adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder and discuss under the light of current literature because of the rarity of these conditions. Keywords Gallbladder; Adenomyomatosis; Fundal variant

What is the role of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in placenta percreta?

This study compared the placental expression of the matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) enzyme, which is thought to play a key role in the penetration of trophoblastic cells, in third‐trimester placenta percreta (PP) patients with that of women with normal pregnancies.

Evaluating the safety of intracameral bevacizumab application using oxidative stress and apoptotic parameters in corneal tissue

AIM To investigate the possible effects of intracameral bevacizumab on oxidative stress parameters and apoptosis in corneal tissue. METHODS In total, 30 rats were assigned randomly into the following three groups of 10 rats each: a sham group (Group 1; n=10), a control group [Group 2; balanced salt solution (BSS) was administered at 0.01 mL; n=10], and a treatment group (Group 3; bevacizumab was administered at 0.25 mg/0.01 mL; n=10). The total antioxidant status (TAS) and the total oxidant status (TOS) in the corneal tissue and blood samples were measured, and the oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. Additionally, corneal tissue histopathology was evaluated for caspase-3 and -8 staining and apoptotic activity. RESULTS In the blood samples, the TAS, TOS, and OSI levels were not significantly different (all P>0.05). Compared with the sham and control groups, the TOS and OSI levels in the corneal tissues were significantly different in the bevacizumab group (all P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed between the sham and control groups (all P>0.05). However, compared with the sham and control groups, greater immunohistochemical staining for caspases-3 and -8 and an elevated level of apoptotic activity were observed in the bevacizumab group. CONCLUSION This study revealed that intracameral bevacizumab injections seemed to be systemically safe but may have elicited local toxic effects in the corneal tissue, as indicated by the oxidative stress parameters and histopathological evaluations.

Does moxifloxacin alter oxidant status in the cornea? An experimental study

Abstract Objective: In this experimental study, we investigated the possible effects of intracameral moxifloxacin on oxidative stress parameters and endothelial cell morphology in corneal tissue. Methods: In total, 30 rats were randomly assigned to three groups of 10 rats: the sham group (Group 1, n = 10); the control group (Group 2), where balanced salt solution (BSS) was administered at a dose of 0.01 cc (n = 10); and the treatment group (Group 3), where moxifloxacin was administered at a dose of 0.05 mg/0.01 cc (n = 10). Total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) in corneal tissue and blood samples were measured and the oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. Also, corneal tissue histopathology was evaluated with caspase-3 and caspase-8 staining. Apoptotic activity was also evaluated. Results: In blood samples, TAS, TOS, and OSI levels were not statistically significantly different (all p > 0.05). Compared with the sham and control groups, TOS and OSI levels in cornea tissue were significantly different in the moxifloxacin group (all p < 0.05). However, compared with the control group, no statistically significant difference was found in the sham group (all p > 0.05). Compared with the sham and control groups, apoptotic activity was higher in the moxifloxacin group, in both immunohistochemical staining for caspase-3 and caspase-8. Conclusions: Intracameral moxifloxacin injection seems to be safe systemically, but it may have toxic effects on corneal tissues, as suggested by oxidative stress parameters and a histopathological evaluation.

Evaluation of the safety of intracameral trypan blue injection on corneal tissue using oxidative stress parameters and apoptotic activity: an experimental study

PURPOSE The present experimental study aimed to investigate the effects of intracameral trypan blue (TB) on oxidative stress parameters and apoptosis in corneal tissue. METHODS Thirty rats were randomly assigned to three groups of 10 rats each: the sham group (Group 1); control group (Group 2); and treatment group (Group 3). The control group was administered 0.01 cc of balanced salt solution. The treatment group was administered 0.006 mg/0.01 cc of TB. The total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) in corneal tissue and blood were measured and the oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. Finally, corneal tissue histopathology was evaluated using staining for caspase-3 and -8, and apoptotic activity was examined. RESULTS The TAS, TOS and OSI levels in the blood samples were not significantly different (p>0.05 for all). Compared with the sham and control groups, the TOS and OSI levels in corneal tissue were significantly different in the treatment group (p<0.05 for all). No significant difference was observed between the sham group and the control group (p>0.05). Immunohistochemical staining for caspase-3 and caspase-8 demonstrated higher apoptotic activity in the TB group than in the sham and control groups. CONCLUSION The present study showed that intracameral TB injection is safe systematically but may be toxic to corneal tissue, as demonstrated using oxidative stress parameters and histopathological evaluation.

The clinical characteristics and surgical approach of scar endometriosis: A case series of 14 women

Scar endometriosis, also referred to as abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE), is a rare form of endometriosis that usually develops in the scar after obstetric or gynecological surgeries, including cesarean section (CS). Recently, the occurrence of scar endometriosis has been increasing together with the increase of CS incidence. Scar endometriosis can be clinically misdiagnosed as hernia, lipoma, or hematoma. Here we retrospectively analyzed the clinical aspects of scar endometriosis and surgical approach in 14 patients from a tertiary hospital, who were treated by surgery, between 2012 and 2017. The mean age was 32.71 ± 8.61 years (range: 19-45). Palpable mass and cyclic pain at the scar site were the most common complaints. Twelve patients had previously undergone CS, and two patients had undergone a surgery of ovarian endometrioma. The preoperative diagnosis was determined with ultrasonography (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or computed tomography (CT). Preoperatively, scar endometriosis was diagnosed in 12/14 patients (85.7%), while 2 patients (14.3%) were diagnosed with inguinal hernia. The treatment was surgical excision in all patients; in addition, mesh repair surgery was performed in 1 patient with recurrent scar endometriosis. Postoperatively, endometriosis was confirmed by histology in all patients. The average size of endometriomas was 24.71 ± 6.67 mm (range: 11-35). No woman had concurrent pelvic endometriosis. In the follow-up period (mean: 9 months) the recurrence of endometriosis was not observed. Scar endometriosis should be considered in all women of reproductive age presenting with cyclic pain and swelling in their abdominal incision sites.