Muhammet Karadas

The effect of different drinks on tooth color after home bleaching.

Objective: This study evaluated the influence of coffee, tea, cola, and red wine staining on the color of teeth after home bleaching. Materials and Methods: A total of 45 samples were obtained from 45 sound maxillary central incisors. The home bleaching procedure was performed using 10% carbamide peroxide gel applied to the sample surface for a period of 6 h each day, for 14 days. After bleaching, baseline color measurements were taken, and the samples were immersed in four staining solutions (coffee, tea, cola, and red wine) or artificial saliva (n = 9). Following 15 min and 6 h of immersion on the first day and next day, respectively, the samples were washed with distilled water for 10 s. After 15 min, 6 h, 1 week, and 1 month immersions, the color values of each sample were remeasured and the color change values (∆E) were calculated. Color change analysis was performed using a spectrophotometer. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey′s honestly significant difference test (P <0.05). Results: Of all the staining solutions, the lowest ∆E values were observed with coffee staining versus artificial saliva (control group), for all time intervals evaluated after whitening. Although no statistically differences were observed between the coffee and control group at all the time points evaluated, there were statistically significant differences between the red wine, cola, and tea solutions. Conclusion: Following tooth whitening, patients should avoid drinks that cause tooth staining, particularly red wine, tea and cola.

Evaluation of tooth number anomalies in a subpopulation of the North‑East of Turkey

Objective: The aim was to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of tooth number anomalies in a Turkish subpopulation. Materials and Methods: A population of 2722 patients (1532 females and 1190 males; mean age, 12.33 ± 2.5 years) was retrospectively examined to determine the prevalence and distribution of the hypodontia, oligodontia, and hyperdontia using panoramic radiographs. All permanent teeth were investigated except thirds molars and the data obtained were recorded as unilateral (left or right) or bilateral according to gender. Pearson′s Chi-squared and Fisher exact tests were used for difference comparisons (P < 0.05). Results: Permanent tooth anomalies were found in at least 132 (4.84%) of 2722 patients with no statistically difference between the genders, consists of 4.63% females and 5.12% males. Distribution of hyperdontia was statistically significant difference between genders, whereas distribution of hypodontia and oligodontia was no significant difference between genders. Hypodontia was the most frequently observed anomaly (3.67%), followed by hyperdontia (0.96%), and oligodontia (0.21%). Oligodontia and hypodontia were more frequent in females (3.98% and 0.26%, respectively), whereas hyperdontia was more frequently observed in males (1.68%). Maxillary lateral incisors were most common missing teeth (2.27%), while the frequency of hyperdontia was most common in premolars. Conclusion: The prevalence of teeth number anomalies was 4.84% of dental patients. Maxillary lateral incisors were most common missing teeth, while the frequency of hyperdontia was most common in premolars.

In Vitro Evaluation of the Efficacy of Different Over-the-Counter Products on Tooth Whitening

This in vitro study evaluated the whitening effect of four different over-the-counter products compared with a 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching gel. Specimens obtained from bovine incisors were stained in a tea solution and randomly divided into six groups according to the product used (n=10): CT: conventional toothpaste (negative control); CWT: Crest 3D White toothpaste; CWR: Crest 3D White mouth rinse; CWS: Crest 3D White strips; DW: Dazzling White (paint-on gel); and OP: Opalescence PF 10% CP (at-home bleaching gel, positive control). Over-the-counter products and 10% CP were used according to the manufacturers recommendations. Color measurements were performed according to the CIELab system using spectrophotometer after staining, and after 4 and 8 weeks of the treatment procedure. The ∆E, ∆L, ∆a, and ∆b values were calculated. The data obtained were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA. Tukeys test for multiple comparisons was applied (p<0.05). All groups, except CWT, were effective in tooth whitening in comparison with conventional toothpaste. There was no significant difference in tooth whitening between CWT and CT (p=0.93). CWS, DW and OP groups presented significantly higher color changes than the CWR group. DW and CWS showed similar tooth whitening to OP.

Influence of different light-curing units on monomer elution from bulk fill composites

Abstract Objectives: This in vitro study assessed the effect of different light-curing units on the elution of monomers from bulk fill composites with different thicknesses. Methods: Five bulk fill composites (Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable, SonicFill 2, SDR, Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill, and Venus Bulk Fill) and one conventional composite (Filtek Z250) were selected for the study. The cylindrical specimens in thickness of 2 mm or 4 mm were prepared and photopolymerized for 20 s with a light-emitting diode (VALO Cordless) or a halogen (Monitex BlueLuxer) light-curing unit. The specimens in glass vials were covered with a 75% ethanol/water solution. Ethanol/water extraction solutions were collected for high-performance liquid chromatography analysis after 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days. The data were analyzed with repeated measures and three-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). Results: The total monomer amount was significantly influenced by light-curing source used and thickness. The highest levels of Bis-GMA and Bis-EMA were eluted from Tetric N-Ceram BulkFill and Venus Bulk Fill, respectively. SonicFill 2 released the highest level of TEGDMA at 4-mm thickness. The highest levels of UDMA release, from 4-mm-thick Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable, were attained using the halogen unit. Conclusions: Light-curing sources affected the number of monomers released by materials. The amount of eluted monomers declined over time. The increased ratio of released monomers to increased thickness is material dependent. The number of residual monomers is highly associated with the resin ratio and crosslinking network of the composites.

Comparison of temperature change among different adhesive resin cement during polymerization process

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the intra-pulpal temperature changes in adhesive resin cements during polymerization. Materials and Methods: Dentin surface was prepared with extracted human mandibular third molars. Adhesive resin cements (Panavia F 2.0, Panavia SA, and RelyX U200) were applied to the dentin surface and polymerized under IPS e.max Press restoration. K-type thermocouple wire was positioned in the pulpal chamber to measure temperature change (n = 7). The temperature data were recorded (0.0001 sensible) and stored on a computer every 0.1 second for sixteen minutes. Differences between the baseline temperature and temperatures of various time points (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 minute) were determined and mean temperature changes were calculated. At various time intervals, the differences in temperature values among the adhesive resin cements were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey honestly test (α = 0.05). Results: Significant differences were found among the time points and resin cements (P < 0.05). Temperature values of the Pan SA group were significantly higher than Pan F and RelyX (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Result of the study on self-adhesive and self-etch adhesive resin cements exhibited a safety intra-pulpal temperature change.

The effect of different beverages on the color and translucency of flowable composites

This study examined the changes in color and translucency of flowable composites after immersion in different beverages. Thirty composite samples were prepared from four flowable composites (G-aenial Universal Flo, Filtek Ultimate, Esthelite Flow Quick, and Clearfil Majesty ES Flow) and a microhybrid composite (Filtek Z-250) and stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h. The samples were randomly divided into seven groups and then immersed in different beverages (Red Bull, coffee, black tea, Pepsi Cola, orange juice, and distilled water) for 7 days. The CIE L*a*b* values of each sample were measured against white and black backgrounds using a spectrophotometer before and after immersion. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and Tukeys post-hoc test (p < 0.05). The color changes were significantly different among the composite materials after immersion in beverages (p < 0.05). Filtek Ultimate and Esthelite Flow Quick exhibited less discoloration than did G-aenial Universal Flo and Clearfil Majesty ES Flow. No significant difference was found between Filtek Z-250 and either Filtek Ultimate or Esthelite Flow Quick (p > 0.05). Among the beverages, black tea and coffee caused the highest discoloration of all the materials. Immersion in coffee and black tea resulted in the highest negative changes in the translucency of the materials. The degree of discoloration for the composite resins depended on the material used and drinking beverage. SCANNING 38:701-709, 2016.

Effects of hydrogen peroxide-based mouthwashes on color changes of stained direct composite resins

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three mouthwashes on color changes of three composite resins stained with tea. Materials and Methods: Fifty specimens were prepared for each of the three composite resins [Clearfil Majesty Esthetic (CME), Filtek Z250 (Z25), and Charisma (CH)], and the specimens were then stained in a tea solution. Each composite group was randomly divided into five subgroups (n = 10) according to the product applied: Distilled water (DW) (negative control); Crest 3D White mouthwash (CR); Listerine whitening mouthwash (LS); Scope White SC mouthwash (SC), and Opalescence PF gel (OP) (10% carbamide peroxide, positive control). The color of the specimens was measured with a spectrophotometer at baseline, after staining, and on the 7th, 28 th , and 56 th days of the treatment period. The color differences (ΔE) were analyzed with a three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey′s test (P < 0.05). Results: Compared with the clinically acceptable threshold unit, the level of staining on all the composite resins was considerably high (ΔE > 3.3). The composite resin, mouthwash, immersion time, and their interaction had a significant effect on the color change procedure (P < 0.05), but the immersion time × mouthwash × composite did not. Conclusion: The discoloration of the specimens after immersion in the mouthwashes decreased significantly over time. Only the staining of the CME specimens treated with CR, LS, and OP decreased to a clinically acceptable level at the end-treatment period.

Efficacy of Mouthwashes Containing Hydrogen Peroxide on Tooth Whitening.

The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of mouthwashes containing hydrogen peroxide compared with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) gel. Fifty enamel-dentin samples were obtained from bovine incisors and then stained in a tea solution. The stained samples were randomly divided into five groups according to the whitening product applied (n = 10): AS: no whitening (negative control), with the samples stored in artificial saliva; CR: Crest 3D White mouthwash; LS: Listerine Whitening mouthwash; SC: Scope White mouthwash; and OP group: 10% CP Opalescence PF (positive control). Color measurements were carried out with a spectrophotometer before staining, after staining, and on the 7th, 28th, and 56th day of the whitening period. The data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance followed by a Tukey post hoc test. The color change (ΔE) was significantly greater in all the groups compared to that of the AS group. After 56 days, no significant differences were found among the mouthwash products with respect to color change (P > 0.05). The whiteness of the teeth treated with the mouthwashes increased significantly over time. Nevertheless, the color change achieved with the mouthwashes was significantly lower than that achieved with the 10% CP at-home bleaching gel.

Prevalence of taurodontism and its association with tooth agenesis in a Turkish subpopulation

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of taurodontism in a Turkish subpopulation and to investigate whether there is an association between tooth agenesis and taurodontism. Materials and Methods: A total of 3108 digital panoramic radiographs were retrospectively examined to determine the prevalence of taurodontism, hypodontia, and oligodontia. Taurodontism was evaluated on all posterior permanent teeth according to its type, tooth type, and gender. Pearsons Chi-squared and Fishers exact tests were used for comparisons ( P < 0.05). Results: Taurodontism was found in 161 patients - 102 females (5.4%) and 59 males (4.7%) - for a prevalence of 5.1%; there was no statistically significant difference between genders. Taurodonts were more common in the mandible (1.4%) than in the maxilla (1%), and the tooth most commonly affected by taurodontism was the mandibular second molar (3.7%). The frequency of taurodontism was higher in patients with tooth agenesis (10%) than in patients without tooth agenesis (4.9%); this difference was statistically significant ( P = 0.015). Its prevalence was also more common in patients with oligodontia (30%) than in patients with hypodontia (8.1%). Conclusion: The prevalence of taurodontism was 5.1% of dental patients. Its frequency was higher in patients with tooth agenesis than in patients without tooth agenesis, and it was more common in patients with oligodontia than in patients with hypodontia.

Efficacy of whitening oral rinses and dentifrices on color stability of bleached teeth

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of whitening toothpastes and mouthrinses on the color stability of teeth bleached with 16% carbamide peroxide (CP) after immersion in coffee solution. Materials and methods: Specimens obtained from bovine incisors were bleached with 16% CP for 14 days. After bleaching, the specimens were stained in coffee solution for 24 h and randomly divided into eight groups according to the following products (n = 10): distilled water (control group, DW), Scope White mouthrinse (SW), Crest 3D White mouthrinse (CWR), Crest 3D White toothpaste (CWT), Crest 3D White toothpaste and Crest 3D White mouthrinse (CWT + CWR), Listerine Whitening toothpaste (LWT), Listerine Whitening mouthrinse (LWR), and Listerine Whitening mouthrinse and Listerine Whitening toothpaste (LWR + LWT). Color measurements were conducted using a spectrophotometer. The data were assessed by analysis of variance for repeated measures and Tukey’s multiple comparison test (p < 0.05). Results: Immersion in coffee solution after bleaching caused perceptible staining on tooth specimens (ΔE > 3.46). The whitening effect of CWR on teeth stained after bleaching was significantly greater than that in the other groups (p < 0.001). Tooth whitening (ΔE) in each group showed no significant difference from 6 to 12 weeks (p > 0.05). The combination of mouthrinse and toothpaste did not increase the degree of tooth whitening. Conclusion: Whitening mouthrinse and toothpaste had similar effects on the control group in terms of whitening of teeth stained after bleaching. Nevertheless, Crest 3D White mouthrinse produced the greatest recovery whitening effect among all the products tested.