Nilgün Seven

The effects of amalgam restorations on plasma mercury levels and total antioxidant activity

OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effects of amalgam restorations on plasma mercury levels and total antioxidant activities (TAA). DESIGN The study was comprised of 48 subjects ranging in age from 20 to 32 years. Of these, 33 had dental amalgam restorations and 15 had no dental amalgam restorations. In those patients with amalgams, the total number of amalgam restorations and surfaces were counted, and the total and occlusal areas (mm(2)) of restorations were measured using a Counting Measurement Machine. Blood samples were collected from all participants. Plasma mercury levels were measured using an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer and Hydride System, and plasma TAA levels were measured using an Antioxidant Assay Kit. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 10.01 software program. Data was evaluated by t test and correlation analysis. RESULTS Plasma mercury (P-Hg) levels were found to be significantly higher in subjects with amalgam restorations when compared to subjects without amalgams (p<0.01); the differences in P-TAA levels between subjects with and without amalgams were not found to be statistically significant (p>0.05). No significant correlations were found between P-Hg concentrations and P-TAA levels (p>0.05). Significant positive correlations were found between P-Hg concentrations and the number of amalgam restorations (p<0.01), number of amalgam surfaces (p<0.05), total amalgam surface area (p<0.05) and amalgam occlusal surface area (p<0.01). However, no significant correlations were found between these parameters and P-TAA (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of our study showed that dental amalgams are a major source of plasma mercury; however, amalgam restorations were not found to have a significant effect on plasma-total antioxidant activities.

The effect of different drinks on tooth color after home bleaching.

Objective: This study evaluated the influence of coffee, tea, cola, and red wine staining on the color of teeth after home bleaching. Materials and Methods: A total of 45 samples were obtained from 45 sound maxillary central incisors. The home bleaching procedure was performed using 10% carbamide peroxide gel applied to the sample surface for a period of 6 h each day, for 14 days. After bleaching, baseline color measurements were taken, and the samples were immersed in four staining solutions (coffee, tea, cola, and red wine) or artificial saliva (n = 9). Following 15 min and 6 h of immersion on the first day and next day, respectively, the samples were washed with distilled water for 10 s. After 15 min, 6 h, 1 week, and 1 month immersions, the color values of each sample were remeasured and the color change values (∆E) were calculated. Color change analysis was performed using a spectrophotometer. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey′s honestly significant difference test (P <0.05). Results: Of all the staining solutions, the lowest ∆E values were observed with coffee staining versus artificial saliva (control group), for all time intervals evaluated after whitening. Although no statistically differences were observed between the coffee and control group at all the time points evaluated, there were statistically significant differences between the red wine, cola, and tea solutions. Conclusion: Following tooth whitening, patients should avoid drinks that cause tooth staining, particularly red wine, tea and cola.

The effects of silorane composites on levels of cytokines and periodontal parameters

Aims: The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the effects of silorane composites on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8, GCF volume and clinical periodontal parameters in patients with silorane composite restorations before and after restorative treatment. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 systemically healthy non-smokers, 12 female and 8 male (age range: 24-46 years), presenting with 25 instances of primary dentine caries with subgingival margins were selected for this study. Approval was obtained from the university ethics committee and treatment plans were approved by the patients. GCF samples were obtained with periopaper strips from relevant teeth for IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α measurements. Each sample was stored at − 80°C and analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Cavities were prepared according to the common principles for adhesive restorations and restored with a silorane adhesive system (Silorane System Adhesive (3M ESPE) and silorane composite (Filtek Silorane, 3M ESPE). Cytokine levels were reassessed 2 weeks after restorative treatment. Data were analyzed using the independent t-test at a significance level of α =0.05. Associations between parameters were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis. Results: A significant increase in gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PI) were observed after 15 days (P < 0.05). GCF volume, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α levels exhibited significant differences before and after restorative treatment (P < 0.05). There were strong positive correlations among parameters except for PI/GCF volume and GI/GCF volume. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this investigation, silorane composites may have some negative effects on cytokine levels, clinical parameters and GCF volume.

Effect of water storage on the translucency of silorane-based and dimethacrylate-based composite resins with fibres

OBJECTIVES The purposes of this study were (1) to determine the translucency of silorane and dimethacrylate-based composite resins and (2) to evaluate the effect of water storage and reinforcement with fibre on the translucency of composite resins. METHODS Two light-cured composite resins (A2 shade), Filtek Silorane (silorane-based composite) and Valux Plus (dimethacrylate-based composite), were used in this study. The first group was used as the control with no reinforcements, the second was reinforced with polyethylene (Ribbond THM) and the third was reinforced with a glass fibre (Everstick Net) for each composite resin. Colour measurements were measured against white and black backgrounds with a Shadepilot (Degu Dent Gmbh, Hanau, Germany) spectrophotometer and recorded under a D65 light source, which reflects daylight. CIELAB parameters of each specimen were recorded at baseline and at 24 h, 168 h and 504 h. Translucency of materials was calculated using the translucency parameter (TP) formula. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and LSD post hoc tests (α=0.05). RESULTS The highest baseline TP value was in the Valux Plus/non-fibre reinforced group (14.06±1) and the lowest in the Filtek Silorane/Ribond THM group (8.98±1.11). Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant effects from the factors storage time, composite resin, composite resin×storage time and fibre×time (p=0.047; p=0.001; p=0.013; p=0.022, respectively). CONCLUSION Within the limitations of the study, we concluded that inclusion of polyethylene and glass fibres did not alter the translucency of the different-based composite resins. The longest storage time resulted in the greatest change in translucency values of Filtek Silorane composite resins. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Considering the translucencies of composites with different formulations in the selection of composite resins for aesthetic restorations is important in terms of obtaining optimal aesthetic outcomes.

The effect of restorative materials on cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid

OBJECTIVE Composition of the restorative materials may cause inflammatory responses by monocyte activation and changes in the levels of cytokine released from different cells. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) are important cytokine for evaluating of the inflammatory process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the different restorative materials used in class V cavities effect on gingival crevicular fluid inflammatory cytokine levels. DESIGN 60 individuals having Class V carious cavities participated in the study. Cavities were restored with FiltekZ250, DyractXP, Fuji IX, Cavex avalloy restorative materials. Changes in clinical and biochemical parameters were evaluated before restorations, seven and 21days after restorations. Contralateral tooth intact enamel surface was determined as control side. Periotron8000 device was used for detection of GCF volume. Cytokine level of GCF was evaluated by Human ELISA kits. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed ranks test. The correlations between clinical parameters and biochemical parameters were examined by Spearmans rank correlation analysis. RESULTS After restorative treatments PI and GI scores were decreased compared with baseline evaluations. There was a significant difference in GCF levels between experimental and control sites in all groups. GCF IL-6 levels in all groups except Filtek Z250, GCF IL-8 levels in all groups except Fuji IX, GCF TNF-α level in only Fuji IX showed significant differences between experimental and control sites. CONCLUSIONS The obtained data supported that all of the tested materials caused changes in GCF cytokine levels.

Anticariogenic potential of white cheese, xylitol chewing gum, and black tea

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of these foods on plaque pH and the potential development of tooth decay. Materials and Methods: Plaque pH was measured using the sampling method before and after 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, and 60 min following consumption of these foods individually and after rinsing with a 10% sucrose solution. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey honestly significant difference post hoc tests (α = 0.05). Results: Although there were statistically significant differences in all test groups except the BT (P = 0.620) and sucrose + XCG (P = 0.550) groups in time, none of the participants chosen for this study were having a plaque pH value anywhere close to the critical value (pH = 5.5). Conclusion: WC, BT, and XCG are advisable as anticariogenic foods because pH values are not below critical value.

The effect of polymerization and preparation techniques on the microleakage of composite laminate veneers

Background: Marginal leakage is the important factor influencing the maintenance of dental esthetic. Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the preparation techniques and type of polymerization techniques on microleakage of composite laminate veneers. Materials and Methods: Ninety-one same sized, caries-free human maxillary central incisors were randomly assigned to 13 groups (n = 7) and were designed with four different preparation techniques (window type, feather type, bevel type, and incisal overlap type). One group determined as control group and any preparation was applied. Nanohybrid resin composite was used for restoration. Composite laminate veneers polymerized with three different techniques (direct light curing, indirect polymerization with a combination of pressure, light and heat using a light cup and heat cup, direct polymerization, and additionally heat cured in an oven). The specimens were thermocycled, and then immersed in 5% basic fuchsine solution. Following 24 h, all specimens were immersed in 65% nitric acid solutions for volumetric dye extraction test. Samples diluted with distilled water and centrifuged and microleakage determined by a spectrophotometer. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey honest significant difference post hoc multiple comparisons test (P < 0.05). Results: For comparing the microleakage value of preparation and polymerization techniques, Window type preparation showed a significant difference in direct polymerization + additional cured group (P < 0.05). Control group was statistically different from the other groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Window type laminate preparation can be preferred in indirect polymerization technique because it caused less leakage in this present study.

Influence of tea and cola on tooth color after two in-office bleaching applications

Aim: To evaluate color changes of teeth after immersion in tea and cola following the application of two in-office bleaching products. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 specimens were obtained from 60 extracted sound human maxillary central teeth. The specimens were randomly divided into three groups (n = 20). Group A was the control group (no bleaching). In Group B, the specimens were bleached with Opalescence Xtra Boost (Ultradent), and in Group C, they were bleached with Smartbleach (High Tech Laser). These groups were then divided into two subgroups (n = 10 in each) according to the colorant solution used: tea and cola. Each bleaching agent was applied to the specimens according to the manufacturer′s recommendations. After bleaching, the first color of the specimens was determined with a spectrophotometer according to the CIELAB color system (∆E). Following immersion in the staining solutions, the color was determined after 15 min, 6 h (second day), and 36 h (sixth day), and the color change values were calculated. The results were analyzed statistically by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey′s honest significant difference (HSD) test (P < 0.05). Results: The bleached specimens showed more staining than the unbleached specimens (control group). In all the groups, the staining was more severe in the cola solutions than in the tea solutions. There were no statistically differences in staining of the teeth in the control group (P > 0.05). In the specimens bleached with Smartbleach, staining in cola solution was greater than tea solution and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The staining of the bleached specimens was similar in the tea and cola solutions. The bleached specimens showed more staining than the unbleached specimens. The staining of the specimens in the tea and cola increased at all the time intervals evaluated.

A RADIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF THE PREVALENCE OF PULP STONES IN PATIENTS WHO PRESENTED TO ATATURK UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF DENTISTRY DEPARTMENT OF ORAL DIAGNOSIS AND RADIOLOGY-Pulpa Taşı Prevalansının Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Oral Diagnoz v

Amac: Bu calismanin amaclari; bir grup Turk dental hastada panoramik radyografiler ve dental kayitlar kullanarak pulpa tasi sikliginin belirlenmesi ve pulpa tasi varligi ile yas, cinsiyet, dis tipi, dental durum, dental anomaliler ve sistemik hastaliklar arasinda olabilecek iliskileri bildirmekti.Gerec ve Yontem: 4798 hastanin panoramic radyografileri ve dental kayitlari incelenerek veriler toplandi. Pulpa tasi varligi kaydedildi. Pulpa tasi olusma sikligi, ki-kare analizi kullanilarak parametrelerle karsilastirildi.Bulgular: Pulpa tasi, incelenen hastalarin 168’inde (%3.5) tespit edildi. 122405 disin 620’sinde (%0.5) pulpa tasi vardi. Cinsiyet, dis tipi ve dental durum pulpa tasi varligiyla iliskiliydi (p 0.05).Sonuc: Bu calismanin sinirlari dahilinde, panoramic radyografiler kullanilarak incelenen 4798 hastanin %3.5’inde ve 122405 disin %0.5’inde pulpa tasi belirlendi. Buyuk azilar diger dis tiplerine gore onemli derecede daha fazla dis tasi iceriyordu. Curuklu ve/veya restore edilmis birinci ve ikinci buyuk azilar zarar gormemis buyuk azilara gore onemli derece daha yuksek siklikta pulpa tasi sergiliyordu. Ilerde yapilacak calismalarda buyuk azilardaki yuksek pulpa tasi sikliginin ve pulpa tasi olusumu ile pulpal irritasyonlar arasindaki olasi iliskinin aciklanmasi gerekmektedir.

Salivary clearance of sugar before and after insertion of fixed partial dentures

Abstract Background: The development of carious lesions is dependent on the presence of acid-producing microflora in the mouth. The activity of these plaque bacteria is dependent on sugar, which diffuses from the saliva following carbohydrate intake. The sugar serves as a substrate for fermentation, producing organic acids that demineralize tooth enamel. Elimination of the sugar from the mouth is accomplished by dilution with newly secreted saliva, a process generally referred to as sugar clearence. Objectives: Determine if fixed partial prosthodontic treatment affects the length of salivary sugar clearance. Materials and methods: Fifteen male subjects age between 21 and 32, and requiring 10 porcelain fixed partial dentures were included in this study. Before receiving their dentures, the subjects, rinsed with a 10% sucrose solution for 30 seconds then gave saliva samples. The prpcedure was repeated one month after the dentures were put in place. The length of sugar clearance was calculated. Results: Salivary sugar was cleared in 14.89±0.89 minutes before the denture application and in 18.86± 0.90 minutes after denture treatment. The initial sucrose concentration was 113.63±1.29 mmol/L before the dentures and 142.99±10.82 mmol/L after the dentures. Conclusion: The use of fixed partial dentures does not affect the time required to clear salivary sugar or the level of the initial sucrose concentration.