Muhsin Hazar

How Volatile Organic Compounds Affect Free Radical and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Textile Workers

How Volatile Organic Compounds Affect Free Radical and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Textile Workers Various effects of exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOC) have recently become an important issue because of their widespread use in industry. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of volatile organic solvents commonly used in textile paint industry on free radical levels and the antioxidant enzyme system in textile workers. The study included twenty exposed workers and twenty controls. Blood samples were taken after an overnight fast of 10 to 12 hours. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were studied in serum while super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity was studied in erythrocytes. Statistical analysis was performed using the ANOVA and Kruskall-Wallis analysis tests. MDA and SOD were significantly higher in textile workers than in controls (p<0.01). In contrast, no significant difference was observed between them for TAC (p>0.05). Elevated MDA levels in textile workers may indicate increased lipid peroxidation as a result of long-term exposure to organic solvents, whereas elevated SOD activity suggests that the antioxidant system was activated to counter lipid peroxidation. The results suggest that textile workers occupationally exposed to volatile organic solvents make a risk group and require more frequent periodic examinations. Kako hlapljivi organski spojevi utječu na slobodne radikale i aktivnost antioksidacijskih enzima u tekstilnih radnika Štetni učinci izloženosti hlapljivim organskim spojevima u novije su vrijeme razlog zabrinutosti zbog njihove sve veće uporabe u industriji. U ovome su istraživanju procjenjivane razine slobodnih radikala te aktivnost sustava antioksidacijskih enzima u uzorcima periferne krvi radnika zaposlenih u pogonima za bojenje tkanina izloženih hlapljivim organskim otapalima. Istraživanje je provedeno na dvadeset profesionalno izloženih ispitanika te dvadeset ispitanika kontrolne skupine. Uzorci periferne krvi svim su ispitanicima uzimani u jutarnjim satima, nakon 10 do 12 sati gladovanja. Koncentracije malondialdehida (MDA) i ukupni antioksidacijski kapacitet mjereni su u serumu, a aktivnost super oksid dismutaze (SOD) u eritrocitima. Statistička analiza provedena je primjenom ANOVA i Kruskall-Wallisova testa. U skupini tekstilnih radnika utvrđena je značajno povišena razina MDA u usporedbi s kontrolom (p<0,01). Aktivnost SOD u tekstilnih radnika također je bila viša nego u kontroli (p<0,01). Nasuprot tomu, između dviju skupina nije uočena statistički značajna razlika u ukupnom antioksidacijskom kapacitetu. Povišene koncentracije MDA u tekstilnih radnika mogu upućivati na povećanu lipidnu peroksidaciju koja nastaje kao posljedica višegodišnje profesionalne izloženosti organskim otapalima, dok povećana aktivnost SOD upućuje na aktiviranje antioksidativnih enzima čija aktivnost raste zbog uklanjanja produkata nastalih u procesu lipidne peroksidacije. Na osnovi dobivenih rezultata zaključujemo da tekstilni radnici profesionalno izloženi hlapljivim organskim otapalima predstavljaju skupinu s povišenim zdravstvenim rizikom te stoga moraju biti pod medicinskim nadzorom koji uključuje češće periodičke preglede.

Effect of increasing maximal aerobic exercise on serum gonadal hormones and alpha-fetoprotein in the luteal phase of professional female soccer players.

[Purpose] The performance of female athletes during their menstrual period has attracted the attention of researchers for many years. It is known that the menstrual period changes with exercise. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is an oncofetal protein. In this study, the effect of maximal aerobic exercise in the luteal phase on some hormones and AFP in female athletes was researched. [Subjects and Methods] Twelve volunteers and healthy female footballers with normal menstrual cycles volunteered for this study as subjects. All the participants performed a shuttle run test. Blood samples were taken before, after, and one hour after exercise. Serum AFP, estrogen, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) values were measured using an auto analyzer and original kits. Heart rate measurements were performed before and after the exercise. [Results] AFP activity had significantly decreased after 1 h of recovery from the exercise in the female soccer players, and estrogen and LH activity had significantly increased immediately after the exercise. Progesterone activity had significantly decreased immediately after the exercise. FSH values had significantly increased immediately after the exercise. [Conclusion] The results of the present study show there were significant decreases in the values of AFP, which is a cancer parameter, 1 hour after the exercise. This result may be valuable in future physiotherapy studies on the relationship between exercise and cancer.

Effect of Increasing Maximal Aerobic Exercise on Serum Muscles Enzymes in Professional Field Hockey Players

Background and Objectives: Exercise results in oxidative enzyme increase and micro-injuries in skeletal muscles. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of maximal aerobic exercise on serum muscle enzymes in professional field hockey players. This study aims to determine the effect of increasing maximal aerobic exercise on creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) serum levels. Material and Methods: 31 young professional field hockey players (13 female and 18 male players) volunteered for this study. All participants underwent the shuttle run test. Blood samples were taken from each participant before the shuttle run test. Post test blood samples were taken immediately after exercise and one hour after respectively. Pre and post test CK, CK-MB, AST and ALT values were measured by means of auto analyzer using original kits. Results: The acute post test measure of the CK level increased in male (p=0.002) and female (p=0.00) sportsmen. CK-MB values obtained one hour after the exercise was lower than those before the exercise in males (p=0.02). In females (p=0.017) and males (p=0.05) AST activity significantly increased immediately after exercise and decreased to resting activity 1 h recovery. ALT significantly increased immediately after exercise in female (p=0.03) and male (p=0.00) athletes and after 1 h recovery ALT activities decreased below resting values. Conclusion: The timing and severity of exercise used in our study increased CK values, decreased CK-MB values and AST, ALT values increased in female and male field hockey players.

Responses of Trace Elements to Aerobic Maximal Exercise in Elite Sportsmen

Trace elements are chemical elements needed in minute quantities for the proper growth, development, and physiology of the organism. In biochemistry, a trace element is also referred to as a micronutrient. Trace elements, such as nickel, cadmium, aluminum, silver, chromium, molybdenum, germanium, tin, titanium, tungsten, scandium, are found naturally in the environment and human exposure derives from a variety of sources, including air, drinking water and food. The Purpose of this study was investigated the effect of aerobic maximal intensity endurance exercise on serum trace elements as well-trained individuals of 28 wrestlers (age (year) 19.64±1.13, weight (Kg) 70.07 ± 15.69, height (cm) 176.97 ± 6.69) during and after a 2000 meter Ergometer test protocol was used to perform aerobic (75 %) maximal endurance exercise. Trace element serum levels were analyzed from blood samples taken before, immediately after and one hour after the exercise. While an increase was detected in Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Molybdenum (Mo) and Titanium (Ti) serum levels immediately after the exercise, a decrease was detected in Aluminum (Al), Scandium (Sc) and Tungsten (W) serum levels. Except for aluminum, the trace elements we worked on showed statistically meaningful responses (P<0.05 and P<0.001). According to the responses of trace elements to the exercise showed us the selection and application of the convenient sport is important not only in terms of sportsman performance but also in terms of future healthy life plans and clinically.

The effect of run and walk exercise programme on blood lipids and chronic inflammation in sedentary males with metabolic syndrome

The aim of the study was to determine and evaluate the effect of 8-week run-walk exercises on blood lipids and chronic inflammation in sedentary males with metabolic syndrome. 13 volunteer males with metabolic syndrome were chosen for the study who applied to participate. Inclusion criteria were diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome of National Cholesterol Education Program (ATP III). Blood samples were taken before and after exercise programme. Blood lipids and C reactive protein (CRP) levels were determined by an autoanalyser (Cobas Integra 800; Roche, Mannheim, Germany). Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for data evaluation and significance level α was set at 0.05. Participants performed run and walk for an hour 3 days a week for 8 weeks. In the first week, exercise started for 4 km in an hour, in the later weeks exercise continued for 6 km. After the exercise programme, a significant decrease was observed in the weight, BMI and waist circumference of the participants, whereas the decreases in cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride levels of the participants were statically insignificant. On the other hand, there was statistically significant increase in HDL level. After the exercise programme, decrease of CRP values was statically insignificant. As a result, the 8-week run-walk exercises positively affected some anthropometric characteristics as weight, BMI and waist circumference. But it did not affect blood lipids and chronic inflammation. This exercise was normally expected do make metabolic effect as well as anthropometric effect in a positive way. However, the 8-week run-walk exercise programme can be said to have been not long enough for the participants with metabolic syndrome to make a significant effect.

Flexibility and Game Actions’ Effects on Lower Extremity Joint Range of Motion in Cerebral Palsied Children (Spastic Type)

ABSTRACT This study considers impact of game actions and flexibility on lower extremity joint-gap. Conventional approach to physical training and sports applications, game and flexibility methods is used. The researchers had district Kocaeli Province, Izmit Fizomer Physics Treatment and Rehabilitation Medical Center for Spastic type stored in diagnosing cerebral palsy with 10 children for 16 weeks, treatment centre was perfect for the training days and families with permission came out of treatment sessions. A physiotherapist had a session of 20 minutes, 30 minutes flexibility with each individual, moving from one child to the other, using a conventional approach and lower extremity games. The joint width measurement data collection tool, with Universal Goniometer Kendall McCreary rating system was used. Wilcoxon test was used to assess data. In conclusion, (p> 0.05) significance was found in right hip flexion and extension, left hip flexion and extension and left knee flexion and extension. However, there was no significance found in the right knee flexion and extension (p> 0.05). Positive effects were seen as a result of applying the program on joint range of motion. Therefore, in addition to physical treatment given to the children, special rehabilitation education and game lesson module in rehabilitation institutions are recommended.

Student Perceptions in the Evaluation of Ergonomic Convenience of the Classrooms at Akpinar Multi-ProgramHigh School

Abstract This study aims at evaluating ergonomic convenience of the classrooms at Akpinar Multi-Program High School, and it is conducted with 144 voluntary students out of which, 31.9% of the students were 15 years old, 30.6 percent were 16, and 54.2 percent were females, while 45.8 percent were males. The percentage of common high school students was 30.6 percent and the percentage of students with 7 hours of class a day was 81.9 percent. In addition, 74.3 percent of the classrooms had a capacity of 30. Also, 56.2 percent of the students stated that there was noise in the setting; 86.8 percent stated that ceilings and walls were not with sound insulation and 87.5 percent stated there were no adjustable shades available for the windows. It was observed that there was noise in the setting which varied significantly with (t=-2.79, p<0.01) and male students (1.56) were affected more than females (1.33) by the fact that there was noise in the setting. It is understood that sitting height is not adjustable (72.9%), that chairs are not adjustable (81.9%), that they have no arm rest (86.8%) and that material of desks is not designed in a way to avoid falling (76.4%). In the area of having enough legroom, male students (1.39) have a higher mean than females (1.20), and there is significant difference between male and females (t= -2.52, p<0.05). It is defined that students feel tired after study in the classroom (80.6%), and that there is distractibility during and after study in the classroom (68.8%). In the area of distractibility during and after study in the classroom, male students (1.50) have a higher mean than females (1.37), and in the case where there is distractibility during and after study in the classroom, it differs according to sex (t=-3.10, p<0.01).

Assessment of Playfulness among the Children Aged 10-14 Years

Abstract The aim of the current study was to investigate the tendency to play games, including physical activities as well as to examine the place of residence and gender variables in terms of the level of playfulness among the secondary school children aged 10-14 years. A total of 894 students who studied at the secondary schools in Cankaya County (230 students), Kecioren County (358 students) and Yenimahalle County (358 students) were included in the study in order to determine the level of playfulness among the secondary school students during the 2013-2014 academic year. In terms of playfulness, the highest score was obtained in “social adaptation”, whereas the lowest score was obtained in “game passion”. Generally speaking, the “level of playfulness” was at a “good” level. In terms of the gender variable, there were significant differences among the groups in their “levels of playfulness” and the dimensions of “game passion”, “social adaptation”, “wish to play games”, “wish to win” and “taking risk”.

BEDEN EĞİTİMİ VE SPOR ÖĞRETMENLİĞİ İLE BAZI ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ DUYGUSAL ZEKA VE MUTLULUKLARININ KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Bu arastirmanin amaci, Beden Egitimi ve Spor Ogretmenligi, Ilkogretim Matematik Ogretmenligi, Muzik Egitimi ve Resim-Is Egitimi Ana Bilim Dallarinda ogrenim goren ogrencilerinin duygusal zekâ ve mutluluklarinin karsilastirilmasidir. Iliskisel tarama modeli ornek alinarak yapilan calismada, Gazi Universitesi Beden Egitimi ve Spor Ogretmenligi, Ilkogretim Matematik Ogretmenligi, Muzik Egitimi ve Resim- Is Egitimi Ana Bilim Dallarinda 2013-2014 egitim ogretim yillari arasinda ogrenim goren ogrenciler, orneklem olarak belirlenmistir. Calismaya toplamda 434 ogrenci katilmistir (N=434). Kiz ogrencilerin sayisi (N=308), erkek ogrencilerin sayisi ise (N=124) „tur. Calismada, uc farkli olcum araci kullanilmistir. Bunlar; Oxford Mutluluk Olcegi, Schutte Duygusal Zekâ Olcegi ve Kisisel Bilgi Formu‟dur. Arastirmanin sonucuna gore, Beden Egitimi ve Spor Ogretmenligi Bolumu‟nde ogrenim goren ogrencilerin mutluluk ortalama degerleri (114.33±17.53), Ilkogretim Matematik Ogretmenligi Bolumu‟nde ogrenim goren ogrencilerin ortalama degerlerine (107.46±16.88) gore daha yuksektir. Muzik Egitimi ogrencilerinin duygulari kullanma alt boyut ortalama degerleri (24,07±3,05), Beden Egitimi ve Spor Ogretmenligi ogrencilerinin ortalamalarindan (22,84±3,35) yuksektir.The aim of this study is to compare the emotional intelligence and happiness of students who receive education in the departments of physical education and sports teaching, primary school mathematics teaching, music teaching and art teaching. This study was carried out via using relational screening model. The sample of the study was comprised of the students who received education in the departments of physical education and sports teaching, primary school mathematics teaching, music teaching and art teaching in Gazi University in the academic years of 2013-2014. The population of this study included 434 students in total (N=434).The number of female students is (N=308) while the number of male students is (N=124). In this study, three different measure tools were used. These are Oxford Happiness Scale, Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale and Personal Information Form. According to the result of the study, average of happiness values of the students in the department of physical education and sports teaching (114.33±17.53) was found higher than the average values of the students in the department of primary school mathematics teaching. Average of use of Emotions and Evaluation of Emotions in the students who are in the department of music teaching (24,07±3,05) was found higher than the average values of the students in the department of primary school mathematics teaching.

Effect of Increasing Maximal Aerobic Exercise to Some Metabolic Factors in Elite Male and Female Field Hockey Players

Objective: It has been aimed to evaluate the response of metabolic factors in elite female and male athletes to increasing maximal aerobic exercise and to evaluate pre-exercise and post-exercise serum levels. Material and Method: 27 young (average age: 19) professional field hockey players (13 female, 14 male) were included in this study. Shutle Run test has been applied to the subjects. The subjects have run the distance between two lines, which was 20 meters, with accelerating (8 km/s) speed. In the running tests, which were performed with signal tone, the test was finished when the subject has missed two signals. The blood samples, which were taken before the exercise, right after the exercise and after 1 hour from the exer- cise, were kept in 80°C until analysis. In the analysis, serum levels have been measured by using Growth Hormone (GH), Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), Protein Bound Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGFbp), Gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) and insulin (INS) original kits. The data have been statistically evaluated separately for male and female athletes. Findings: Immediately after the exercise, GH, IGF-1, IGFbp, GGT and INS serum levels have increased. While this increase was substan- tial in GH and INS, it was smaller in IGF-1, IGFbp and GGT. After 1 hour from the exercise, GH, INS, IGF-1, IGFbp and GGT serum levels have decreased. GGTs response to increasing maximal aerobic exercise is higher in females comparing to males. IGFbp responses are not statistically meaningful in both genders (p<0.05). Result: GH, IGF-1, IGFbp, GGT and INSs response to increasing maximal aerobic exercise in elite athletes and post-exercise serum levels are found to be beneficial in terms of health and body position.