Murat Ayan

Investigating the Effect of Aromatherapy in Patients with Renal Colic

AIM The aim of the present study was to investigate the usefulness of rose essential oil as a supplementary and adjunctive therapy for the relief of renal colic, specifically because rose essential oil is soothing and can act as a muscle relaxant. MATERIALS Eighty patients who were diagnosed with renal colic in the emergency room were included in the study, with ages ranging from 19 to 64 years. Half of the patients (n=40) were treated with conventional therapy (diclofenac sodium, 75 mg intramuscularly) plus placebo (physiological serum, 0.9% NaCl), while the other half (n=40) were given aromatherapy (rose essential oil) in addition to conventional therapy. In each patient, the severity of pain was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) (0 [no pain] to 10 [very severe pain]). FINDINGS The VAS values prior to the start of therapy, and 10 and 30 minutes after therapy were 8.18 ± 1.36, 5.60 ± 2.02, and 3.75 ± 2.08 for the conventional therapy plus placebo group, while for the conventional therapy plus aromatherapy group, the VAS values were 8.63 ± 1.03, 4.25 ± 1.72, and 1.08 ± 1.07, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the starting VAS values of the two groups, but the VAS values 10 or 30 minutes after the initiation of therapy were statistically lower in the group that received conventional therapy plus aromatherapy. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that rose essential oil therapy in addition to conventional therapy effectively reduces renal colic pain.

Protective effect of thymoquinone against testicular torsion induced oxidative injury

We aimed to determine the protective effects of thymoquinone (TQ), against ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury in the testis tissue of rats. Twenty‐seven male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three equal groups as follows: Group I, sham group; Group II, torsion group; and Group III, torsion + thymoquinone group. The ischaemia period was 2 h, and orchiectomy was performed after 30 min of detorsion. Testis tissue sections were analysed with the terminal transferase mediated dUTP‐nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay to determine in situ apoptotic DNA fragmentation. Additionally, Caspase 3 and Bax proteins were analysed immunohistochemically. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity levels in the testis tissue were also measured. The superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde levels in the torsion group were significantly higher than those of the sham group (P < 0.05). Thymoquinone administration significantly reduced these levels. Torsion significantly increased active‐Caspase 3 and Bax expression, which was decreased by thymoquinone. The apoptotic index of the torsion group was significantly higher than that of the control group. However, thymoquinone significantly reduced the apoptotic index (P < 0.05). Our results indicate that thymoquinone plays a protective role in oxidative stress induced ischaemia–reperfusion in the testis tissue of rats.

The apoptotic effect of a high dose of toluene on liver tissue during the acute phase: an experimental study

The aim of this study is to investigate the acute toxic effects of high-dose toluene and its mechanisms on the liver tissue of toluene-treated rats. In this study, 16 adult male Wistar albino rats (200–220 g) were divided into two equal groups. Group I was used as a control group, while group II was exposed to high dose of toluene, 5200 mg/kg (6 ml/kg per gavage). After the 3-hour experimental period, blood samples and liver tissues were taken from the euthanized animals. Serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferase levels were assayed. Liver tissues were fixed in 10% neutral formalin, then embedded in paraffin and sectioned (5 μm thickness). Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histopathological examination. A terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay was also done for the determination of apoptosis in liver tissues. For the determination of Bax and caspase-3 immunoreactivity, the sections were stained using avidin–biotin–peroxidase immunohistochemical method. The level of plasma transaminase was found to be increased in toluene administered rats. Additionally, slight degeneration of hepatocyte and mononuclear cell infiltration was observed in the liver tissue sections and a high (+++) immunoreactivity for Bax and caspase-3 protein was observed in the toluene group. This study showed that the high dose of toluene triggers apoptosis in the liver of rats via the mitochondrial pathway in acute period.

Protective effects of thymoquinone and melatonin on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Background/Aim: In the present study, we aimed to compare the potential protective effects of thymoquinone and melatonin by using equivalent dose, on oxidative stress-induced ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury in the intestinal tissue of rats. Materials and Methods: The study was performed using 32 male Wistar–Albino rats (weighing 180–200 g) randomly divided into four groups: Group I, sham group; Group II, IR group; Group III, IR with melatonin group; and Group IV, IR with thymoquinone group. After laparotomy, ischemia and reperfusion were performed for 60 and 120 min, respectively, on all the groups. Intestinal tissue sections were stained using routine histological methods and examined under the light microscope. In addition, the sections were immunohistochemically stained using the TUNEL method for determination of apoptosis. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the intestinal tissue were also measured. Results: The IR group had significantly elevated tissue SOD activity, GSH-Px activity, and MDA levels compared with the sham group. Administration of thymoquinone and melatonin efficiently reduced these increases. Statistically significant number of apoptotic cells was observed in the intestinal tissue of IR group rats compared with the sham group. Treatment with thymoquinone and melatonin markedly reduced the number of apoptotic cells. Conclusion The effects of melatonin and thymoquinone on IR-induced oxidative stress in rat intestines were similar. Our findings suggest that melatonin and thymoquinone protect against IR-induced injury to intestinal tissues.

Acute cardiotoxic effects of high dose toluene: an experimental study

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the acute cardiotoxic effects of high dose toluene and its damage mechanisms on heart tissue in the acute period. METHODS Twenty adult male Wistar Albino rats (200-220 g) were used in this controlled experimental animal study. Animals were divided into two equal groups: a control group (Group 1) and a high dose (6 mL/kg/gavage) toluene-administered group (Group 2). Arterial blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) values were measured at 30th, 60th and 90th minutes after toluene was administered. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples and heart tissues were taken from the rats. Serum troponin T levels were assayed. Heart tissue sections were stained using routine histological methods and examined under a light microscope. In addition, the sections were immunohistochemically stained using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method to determine caspase-3 immunoreactivity and TUNEL to detect apoptosis. To compare the apoptotic index, the Mann-Whitney U test was used. For comparisons between the two groups, the independent t- test was used. In addition, time-based changes of intra-group parameters were evaluated using paired t tests. RESULTS BP and HR values were low in toluene-treated rats compared to the control group. Troponin T levels were increased in toluene-administered animals as compared with controls [Toluene group: 0.140 (0.010-2.000) ng/mL vs control group: 0.010 (0.010-0.010) ng/mL, p=0.01]. Histopathologic examination of heart tissue sections showed congestion and edema in toluene administrated rats. Higher TUNEL positivity and (+++) immunoreactivity for caspase-3 protein were observed in the toluene group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that high doses of toluene cause apoptosis and may lead to impairment of cardiac function in the acute period.

Comparing efficiencies of diclofenac sodium and paracetamol in patients with primary dysmenorrhea pain by using Visual Analog Scale/Primer dismenore agrili hastalarda diklofenak sodyum ve parasetamol tedavi etkinliklerinin Vizuel Analog Skala kullanilarak karsilastirilmasi

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of diclofenac sodium to paracetamol using a visual analog scale in the patients presenting to the emergency room with primary dysmenorrhea. METHODS Group I (n=40) patients were diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhea and treated with paracetamol (1 gr intravenous) and Group II (n=40) patients were diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhea and treated with diclofenac sodium (75 mg intramuscular). In both groups, patients were 19-30 years old. In all groups, the intensity of the pain was ranked from 0 (no pain) to 10 (intolerable) using VAS. The VAS scores were compared between treatment groups. RESULTS Between two groups, there was no statistically significant difference in age, mean arterial pressure and pulse values. The initial VAS values of the first group were higher than that of 2nd group. Following treatment, in the 10th and 30th minutes, the VAS values were lower in Group I than Group II (p=0.00). The VAS values of each group were significantly different from each other on the 10th and 30th minutes. VAS values at the 10th and 30th minutes were lower compared to the initial values and the values in the 30th minute were lower relative to the 10th minute (p=0.00) in both treatment groups. CONCLUSION We can suggest that paracetamol is more efficient than diclofenac sodium in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.

Compare the Analgesic Effectiveness of Diclofenac and Paracetamol in Patients with Renal Colic

1 1Murat Ayan, 2Erkan Sogut, 3Ufuk Tas, 4Fikret Erdmir, 5Serkan Karaman, 5Semih Arıcı, 1Mehmet Esen, 1Acil Tıp Anabilim Dalı, 2Biyokimya Anabilim Dalı, 3Anatomi Anabilim Dalı, 4Üroloji Anabilim Dalı, 5 Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon Anabilim Dalı, Tokat, Türkiye Kolik Ağrısında Analjezik Etkinlikleri / Efficacy of Analgesics in Colic Pain Compare the Analgesic Effectiveness of Diclofenac and Paracetamol in Patients with Renal Colic

Spontan Subdural Hematomu Olan Genç Hasta, Olgu Sunumu

Acil servise norolojik sikayetlerle basvurunun oldukca sik sebeplerinden biri bas agrisidir. Subdural hematom genellikle yaslilarda gorulur. Genclerde subdural hematom nadirdir ve genellikle travma sebebiyle olusur. Genclerde spontan subdural hematoma ise cok nadiren rastlanir. Bu olguda acil servise bas agrisi sikayeti ile basvuran 35 yasinda erkek hastayi sunduk. Hastanin travma oykusu yoktu. Cerrahi sonrasi hasta tam duzelme ile taburcu edildi.

Malign Akciğer Tümör Metastazına Bağlı Spontan Servikal Vertebral Kırık

The bones are most common places for advanced stage cancer metastasis. Tumor cells show either osteoblastic or osteolytic phenotypes in bones. Osteoclastic tumor metastasis decreases the durability of bone by the way of disrupting its structural properties in the bones. Therefore, spontaneous fractures can occur in the bones. This situation adversely affects patients’ quality of life and reduces their average life expectancy. In this case report, the findings of the spontaneous cervical vertebra fracture as a result of metastasis of large cell lung tumor in the 56-year-old male patient is presented

Substernal Guatr; Bir Olgu Sunumu

Substernal guatr, gogus boslugu icinde yer kaplayici nitelige sahip olan ve primer mediasten orjinli olabilecegi gibi, buyuk cogunlukla servikal guatrin buyuyerek ust mediastinuma uzanim gostermesiyle de olusabilen ve basi semptomlarina yol acabilen bir tiroit bezi patolojisidir. Bu calismada acil servise nefes darligi ile gelen ve substernal guatr tespit edilen 76 yasinda bayan hasta sunularak Tip 2 solunum yetmezliginin nadir gozlenen bu sebebine dikkat cekilmek istenmistir. Hastanin tiroit bezi iki tarafli palpabl olup, kan gazinda hiperkarbisi olan hastaya tip 2 solunum yetmezligi tanisi konuldu