Murthy Chavali

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Polyherbal Formulation against Russell’s Viper and Cobra Venom and Screening of Bioactive Components by Docking Studies

The present study emphasizes to reveal the antivenom activity of Aristolochia bracteolata Lam., Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) Merrill, and Leucas aspera S. which were evaluated against venoms of Daboia russelli russelli (Russells viper) and Naja naja (Indian cobra). The aqueous extracts of leaves and roots of the above-mentioned plants and their polyherbal (1 : 1 : 1) formulation at a dose of 200 mg/kg showed protection against envenomed mice with LD50 doses of 0.44 mg/kg and 0.28 mg/kg against Russells viper and cobra venom, respectively. In in vitro antioxidant activities sample extracts showed free radical scavenging effects in dose dependent manner. Computational drug design and docking studies were carried out to predict the neutralizing principles of type I phospholipase A2 (PLA2) from Indian common krait venom. This confirmed that aristolochic acid and leucasin can neutralize type I PLA2 enzyme. Results suggest that these plants could serve as a source of natural antioxidants and common antidote for snake bite. However, further studies are needed to identify the lead molecule responsible for antidote activity.

Drug embedded PVP coated magnetic nanoparticles for targeted killing of breast cancer cells.

Magnetic drug targeting is a drug delivery system that can be used in loco-regional cancer treatment. Coated magnetic particles, called carriers, are very useful for delivering chemotherapeutic drugs. Magnetic carriers were synthesized by co-precipitation of iron oxide followed by coating with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). Characterization was performed using X-ray diffraction, TEM, TGA, FTIR and UV-Vis Spectroscopy. Magnetite (Fe3O4) remained as the core of the carrier. The amount of PVP bound to the iron oxide nanoparticles was estimated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the attachment of PVP to the iron oxide nanoparticles confirmed by FTIR analysis. The loading efficiency of Epirubicin hydrochloride onto the PVP coated and uncoated iron oxide nanoparticles was measured at intervals such as 1 hr and 24 hrs by UV-Vis Spectroscopy. The binding of Epirubicin hydrochloride to the PVP coated and uncoated iron oxide nanoparticles were confirmed by FTIR analysis. The present findings showed that Epirubicin hydrochloride loaded PVP coated iron oxide nanoparticles are promising for magnetically targeted drug delivery. The drug displayed increased cell cytotoxicity at lower concentrations when conjugated with the nanoparticles than being administered conventionally as individual drugs.

Nano-Based PSA Biosensors: An Early Detection Technique of Prostate Cancer

Prostate-specific antigen or PSA is a protein biomarker which is produced by the cells of prostate gland. The normal level of PSA in blood is often elevated in men with prostate cancer. In India, prostate cancer is one among the five, mostly cited cancer in men and it is getting increased by 1% every year. The screening test used for prostate cancer is the Prostate Specific Antigen test. The first PSA assay was determined in 1979. Most of the current techniques used for PSA detection are utilizing large analyzers, there by increased time and cost. Increased PSA levels can also because of prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate gland) or due to many other reasons. A proper technique to differential diagnose this disease is also an issue. The benchmark for the PSA level cannot be determined accurately. For this, various types of biosensors are used. This review journal is is trying to analyze variouus Nano-Biosensors used for early detection of PSA from blood in an early stage itself.

AFM Studies of Thin Films as Nanobiosensor for Early Detection of Prostate Cancer

India has the highest incidences of prostate cancer in the world. The elevated occurrence of prostate cancer in India has long been linked with the lifestyle and family history. The survival rate of prostate cancer is 6080% when detected during its early stages; however, this number drops to 3040% when the cancer is diagnosed during the advanced stages. A sol-gel based nanobio sensor can be developed for the detection of prostate cancer from blood using Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), a prostate cancer marker. Solgel-derived materials can be exploited for the manufacturing of various optoelectronic devices, including sensors optodes and their protective layers, as well as other kinds of coatings. One of the objectives of present study is to explicate the changes in the internal environment of the sol-gel.

Dielectric analysis of polypropylene (PP) and polylactic acid (PLA) blends reinforced with halloysite nanotubes

Polypropylene (PP) and polylactic acid were blended in the ratio 80:20 by weight and compatibilized with 3 wt% of maleic anhydride-grafted-PP. The compatibilized blend was chosen as the base matrix for reinforcement with halloysite nanotubes (HNTs). The nanotube content varied from 0 to 10 wt%. Blend and the nanocomposites were prepared by melt mixing technique. Dielectric analysis of the base matrix and the nanocomposites was carried out using interdigitated electrode sensor in a DEA 288 Epsilon-dielectric analyser. The dielectric properties of the composites were measured at temperatures from 30 to 120°C at various frequencies ranging from 1 Hz to 1 kHz. Permittivity values slightly decreased as the HNT content increased from 0 to 2 wt%. It increased at 4 wt% of HNT and again slightly decreased at 6 wt% of HNT, and with further increase in HNT (HNT 8 and HNT 10) led to increase in permittivity values. Loss factor values decreased slightly as the HNT content in the composites increased from 0 to 4 wt%; but with further increase in HNT, the loss factor showed a sharp increase. Loss tangent (tan δ) values decreased up to 4 wt% of HNT (HNT 4) and then increased up to 8 wt% (HNT 8) of HNT and then decreased slightly (for HNT 10). Analysing the different dielectric properties, consistent properties were shown by 6 wt% of HNT similar to static and dynamic mechanical properties. The analysis showed that the composites can be utilized in microelectronic devices or in microelectronic packaging applications.

Polyurethane Nanostructures for Drug Delivery Applications

Abstract Polymers have been considered as important materials in fabrication of biomedical devices for various medical purposes including drug delivery. Among the suggested polymers, polyurethane (PU) is widely used as biomaterials due to their excellent biocompatibility and physico-mechanical properties. PU contributes in a number of technological applications, such as appliances, clothing, automobile parts, shoe soles, flexible and rigid foams, waterproofing compounds, and surface coatings. The unique combination of biocompatibility with excellent mechanical properties enabled this class of materials to find innumerable applications in the medical field. Examples include cardiovascular applications, reconstructive surgery, drug-delivery systems, and prophylactics. The present chapter gives a comprehensive review of therapeutic nanostructures of PU for drug-delivery applications. The PU technology and its emergence in the biomedical and pharmaceutical applications will be briefly touched upon. The developments in the nanostructures of PU and recent developments in controlled drug-delivery applications will be described in detail.