Musa Ozgur Ozyigit

In vivo systemic chlorogenic acid therapy under diabetic conditions: Wound healing effects and cytotoxicity/genotoxicity profile.

Oxidative stress occurs following the impairment of pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance in chronic wounds and leads to harmful delays in healing progress. A fine balance between oxidative stress and endogenous antioxidant defense system may be beneficial for wound healing under redox control. This study tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress in wound area can be controlled with systemic antioxidant therapy and therefore wound healing can be accelerated. We used chlorogenic acid (CGA), a dietary antioxidant, in experimental diabetic wounds that are characterized by delayed healing. Additionally, we aimed to understand possible side effects of CGA on pivotal organs and bone marrow during therapy. Wounds were created on backs of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. CGA (50 mg/kg/day) was injected intraperitoneally. Animals were sacrificed on different days. Biochemical and histopathological examinations were performed. Side effects of chronic antioxidant treatment were tested. CGA accelerated wound healing, enhanced hydroxyproline content, decreased malondialdehyde/nitric oxide levels, elevated reduced-glutathione, and did not affect superoxide dismutase/catalase levels in wound bed. While CGA induced side effects such as cyto/genotoxicity, 15 days of treatment attenuated blood glucose levels. CGA decreased lipid peroxidation levels of main organs. This study provides a better understanding for antioxidant intake on diabetic wound repair and possible pro-oxidative effects.

Pathological abnormalities after long-term administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate in a queen

In this report, multiple abnormalities (bilateral ovarian cysts, cystic endometrial hyperplasia and pyometra (CEH–P), mammary adenoma, fibrosarcoma and cystic-papillary adenocarcinoma) identified in a queen continually administered medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) for 9 years are described. An 11-year-old domestic shorthair intact queen was presented for reduced appetite, polyuria, polydipsia, abdominal distension, and mammary mass. Pyometra was diagnosed based upon clinical, ultrasonographic and radiographic examinations. Mastectomy and ovariohysterectomy (OHE) were performed for treatment. Bilateral ovarian cysts were detected during OHE. Histopathologically, follicular ovarian cysts, CEH–P, and benign and neoplastic mammary lesions were identified. We suggest that, the pathological abnormalities may have been attributed to adverse effects of prolonged administration of MPA.

Cardiac metastasising rhabdomyosarcoma in a great Dane

perineal area and skin of dogs (Kim and others 1996, Kuwamura and others 1998, Lascelles and others 1998, Barnhart and Lewis 2000, Ueno and others 2002, Machida and others 2003, Brockus and Myers 2004). Dissemination to the lymph nodes, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, adrenal glands and kidneys has been reported (Ware 2001). In the present case there were metastases in various organs. A combination of haematoxylin and eosin, immunohistochemistry, PTAH and PAS staining is used to differentiate Cardiac metastasising rhabdomyosarcoma in a great Dane

Suspected congenital generalised tuberculosis in a newborn calf

BOVINE tuberculosis remains an important disease in many countries (Morris and others 1994, Szewzyk and others 1995, Chalmers and others 1996, Phillips and others 2003). It is mainly a chronic disease of middleto old-aged animals, although congenital forms of the disease can occur when the disease involves the dam’s genital tract or placenta. In this context, tuberculosis bacilli are introduced into the fetus haematogenously via the umbilical vein, or via infected amniotic fluid ingested or aspirated in utero or at birth (Dungworth 1993, Stahelin-Massik and others 2002). This short communication describes a case of tuberculosis in a 15-day-old female calf. A 15-day-old Holstein calf, weighing 30 kg, was referred to a large animal clinic because of chronic coughing, variable appetite and gradual weight loss during the previous 10 days. The calf had not responded to previous antibacterial (amoxicillin and clavulanic acid) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (flunixin meglumine) treatments. Clinically, the calf had a soft, moist, chronic cough, pale mucous membranes, a slight mucopurulent nasal discharge, generalised muscular wasting and depression. Body temperature (39·6°C) and respiratory rate (44 breaths/minute) were slightly raised. Lung auscultation revealed crackles and wheezes in the anterio ventral parts of the chest. Routine haematology indicated leucocytosis (13,500 leucocytes/ ml) with neutrophilia (75 per cent). However, the haematocrit (21 per cent), erythrocyte (3·7 x 1012 erythrocytes/l) and haemoglobin levels (67 g/l) were low. The calf was diagnosed with chronic pneumonia and was treated with 10 mg/kg tylosin (Tylan; Lilly) and 10 mg/kg oxytetracycline (Primamycin; Pfizer) for five days. There was no clinical improvement, and the calf died seven days after the initiation of treatment. At postmortem examination, the lungs were found to be severely consolidated by numerous pale, coalescent necrotic areas, ranging from 0·5 to 2 cm diameter in size in all lobes (Fig 1). The colour of the cut surface of the lesions was greyish and calcified areas were noted. No lesions were found macroscopically in any other organs. Tissue samples of lung, liver, kidney, heart and bronchial lymph nodes were fixed in 10 per cent neutral-buffered formalin, paraffin-embedded and cut in 5 μm thick sections. All slides were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and by the Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) method. Selected lung sections were stained immunohistochemically using polyclonal rabbit anti-Mycobacterium bovis serum (Dako). After blocking endogenous peroxidase activity with 3 per cent hydrogen peroxide in methanol for 20 minutes, the slides were treated with trypsin solution at 40°C for 10 minutes; they were then transferred into citrate buffer solution and incubated in a microwave oven to effect antigen retrieval. A blocking solution (normal goat serum) was then applied for 20 minutes at 40°C. Slides were incubated with rabbit anti-M bovis serum (1:500 dilution) at 40°C for one hour, and then with biotinylated goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G for 10 minutes. After incubation with streptavidin-peroxidase for 20 minutes, aminoethyl carbazole was applied for five minutes for colour development. The slides were counterstained with Mayer’s haematoxylin for 15 minutes. Negative controls were achieved by replacing the primary antibody with normal rabbit serum. Previously confirmed cases were used as positive controls. Histopathologically, the lung lesions were characterised by central areas of caseous necrosis and calcification surrounded by epithelioid cells, multinucleate giant cells, lympho cytes and an outer fibrous capsule (Fig 2). A few acid-fast bacilli were visualised by ZN staining in the necrotic areas or in the cytoplasm of multinucleate giant or epithelioid cells. Large numbers of tubercles were seen in both the cortical and medullary regions of the bronchial lymph nodes; the centre of these tubercles was slightly necrotic and was surrounded by epithelioid cells, lymphocytes and giant cells. No calcification or prominent connective tissue was present. Similar granulomatous lesions without caseous necrosis or calcification were found in the liver and in both kidneys, although no agent could be detected after ZN staining. The tubercles

Chlorogenic Acid Enhances Abdominal Skin Flap Survival Based on Epigastric Artery in Nondiabetic and Diabetic Rats.

AbstractPrevious studies showed that chlorogenic acid (CGA) accelerates wound healing via its antioxidant activity. We aimed to investigate the effect of CGA in an experimental epigastric abdominal skin flap model in nondiabetic and diabetic rats. Rats were firstly divided into 2 groups: nondiabetic and diabetic. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. Then, 4 subgroups were created for each group: vehicle as well as 0.2 mg/0.5 mL, 1 mg/0.5 mL, and 5 mg/0.5 mL CGA treatments. Right epigastric artery–based abdominal skin flaps were elevated and sutured back into their original position. Chlorogenic acid or vehicle was injected once into the femoral arteries by leaving the epigastric artery as the single artery feeding the flaps during the injection. On postoperative day 7, flap survivals were evaluated, and the rats were killed. Distal flap tissues were collected for histopathological and biochemical assays. Chlorogenic acid showed greater flap survival in both nondiabetic and diabetic rats. Capillary density was increased, and necrosis was reduced in the CGA-treated rats. Chlorogenic acid decreased malondialdehyde levels as well as increased reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels in the flap tissues. This study showed that CGA significantly improved flap survival by its antioxidant activities with intra-arterial local injections.

HER-2/neu (c-erbB-2) oncoprotein in hyperplastic endometrial polyps detected in two cats

The presence of HER-2/neu (c-erbB-2) oncoprotein, oestrogen-α receptor (ER), and progesterone receptor (PR) in hyperplastic endometrial polyps (EPs) of two cats with cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra (CEH-P) complex was investigated. Immunohistochemistry assay for ER, PR and c-erbB-2 oncoprotein in the glandular and stromal tissue of the EPs was performed. ER and c-erbB-2 immunoreactivity was observed in the glandular epithelium of the EPs whereas PR immunoreactivity was detected only in the stromal fibroblasts. The c-erbB-2 oncoprotein may play a role with the ER in the pathogenesis of the hyperplastic EPs, although the role of this oncoprotein in the pathogenesis of EPs has yet to be determined.