Mymoona Akhter

The therapeutic voyage of pyrazole and its analogs: A review

Pyrazole, a five membered heteroaromatic ring with two nitrogen atoms is of immense significance. Presence of this nucleus in the pharmacological agents of diverse therapeutic categories viz. antianxiety, anti-inflammatory, antipsychotic, anticancer, antiobesity, analgesic, antipyretic etc. has made it an indispensable anchor for design and development of new pharmacological agents. Owing to the development of novel and new pyrazole based therapeutic agents at a faster pace, there is a need to couple the latest information with previously available information to understand status of this moiety in medicinal chemistry research. The review herein highlights the therapeutic worth of pyrazole derivatives. Several therapeutically active pyrazole based derivatives developed by numerous scientists across the globe are reported here.

Pyrazolines: A Biological Review

Pyrazoline is an important five membered nitrogen heterocycle, which has been extensively researched upon. The ring is quite stable and has inspired chemists to carry out various structural variations in the ring. This has propelled the development of distinct pyrazolines with an array of pharmacological activities viz. anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidepressant etc. The review aims at highlighting this pharmacological diversity of pyrazolines. The review is a gist of latest work done describing the pharmacological aspects and potential of pyrazoline ring.

Piperazine scaffold: A remarkable tool in generation of diverse pharmacological agents

Piperazine is one of the most sought heterocyclics for the development of new drug candidates. This ring can be traced in a number of well established, commercially available drugs. Wide array of pharmacological activities exhibited by piperazine derivatives have made them indispensable anchors for the development of novel therapeutic agents. The review herein highlights the therapeutic significance of piperazine derivatives. Various therapeutically active piperazine derivatives developed by several chemists are reported here.

Therapeutic evolution of benzimidazole derivatives in the last quinquennial period

Benzimidazole, a fused heterocycle bearing benzene and imidazole has gained considerable attention in the field of contemporary medicinal chemistry. The moiety is of substantial importance because of its wide array of pharmacological activities. This nitrogen containing heterocycle is a part of a number of therapeutically used agents. Moreover, a number of patents concerning this moiety in the last few years further highlight its worth. The present review covers the recent work published by scientists across the globe during last five years.

Recent Updates on Biological Activities of Oxadiazoles

Among the plethora of heterocyclic nucleus discovered, the oxadiazoles have also been explored extensively. The oxadiazole structure has been demonstrated to bear important biological activities such as anti-cancer, antiinflammatory, anti-tuberculosis, anti-malarial and anti-schistosomiasis etc. The presence of oxadiazole motifs in diverse types of compounds proves its importance in the field of medicinal chemistry. This review is complementary to earlier reviews and covers recent updates of various pharmacological aspects of oxadiazoles. To help the reader better know the context for these approaches, a summary of various aspects of background of related topic is presented.

The therapeutic journey of pyridazinone.

Pyridazinones have drawn a substantial attention within the field of research analysis and development. The moiety is a subject matter of intensive research because of its wide spectrum of biological activities and therapeutic applications. The synthesis of pyridazinone and investigation of their chemical and biological activities have gained additional importance in recent years. In this review, we have compiled and discussed various biological and therapeutic potential of pyridazinone derivatives.

Structure based virtual screening of MDPI database: discovery of structurally diverse and novel DPP-IV inhibitors.

Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) has been emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Structure based virtual screening (SBVS) of Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) database was performed using Glide and Gold against DPP-IV enzyme. Six promising hits were identified and tested for DPP-IV inhibition. Three compounds were found to be active at low micromolar concentration. The 3-(1-hydrazinyl-1-(phenylamino)ethyl)-4-hydroxy-1-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one (compound A) was found to be the most potent hit with an IC50 of 0.73 μM. These three compounds (A, B and D) were then assessed for their glucose lowering effects in glucose fed hyperglycemic female Wistar rats. The glucose lowering effects of compounds also confirms their potential as anti-diabetic agents. The present study demonstrates a successful utilization of in silico SBVS tools in identification of novel and potential DPP-IV inhibitor.

Novel hydrazine derivatives as selective DPP-IV inhibitors: findings from virtual screening and validation through molecular dynamics simulations

AbstractThe present study demonstrates and validates the discovery of two novel hydrazine derivatives as selective dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors. Virtual screening (VS) of publicly available databases was performed using virtual screening workflow (VSW) of Schrödinger software against DPP-IV and the most promising hits were selected. Selectivity was further assessed by docking the hits against homology modeled structures of DPP8 and DPP9. Two novel hydrazine derivatives were selected for further studies based on their selectivity threshold. To assess their correct binding modes and stability of their complexes with enzyme, molecular dynamic (MD) simulation studies were performed against the DPP-IV protein and the results revealed that they had a better binding affinity towards DPP-IV as compared to DPP 8 and DPP 9. The binding poses were further validated by docking these ligands with different softwares (Glide and Gold). The proposed binding modes of hydrazines were found to be similar to sitagliptine and alogliptine. Thus, the study reveals the potential of hydrazine derivatives as highly selective DPP-IV inhibitors. FigureStructures of sitagliptine and the novel hydrazine identified by screening

Synthesis of some new 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3-benzoxazines under microwave irradiation in solvent-free conditions and their biological activity

A series of some new benzoxazines derivatives have been synthesized using conventional method and solvent-free microwave thermolysis. It was observed that the solvent-free microwave thermolysis is a convenient, rapid, high-yielding, and environmental friendly protocol for the synthesis of benzoxazines when compared with conventional reaction in a solution phase. All the compounds synthesized were tested for anti-inflammatory activity. Compound 3f, 3h, and 3l showed 74.87, 70.39, and 71.89% of inhibition in rat paw edema, 57.38, 54.27, and 55.47% of protection against acetic acid induced writhings, and 0.08, 0.17, and 0.17 of severity index (SI), respectively compared to 82.33, 63.06, and 1.0 values of ibuprofen. The study showed that these compounds are good and safe anti-inflammatory agents and can be used to develop potent and safe anti-inflammatory agents.

Novel hybrid-pyrrole derivatives: their synthesis, antitubercular evaluation and docking studies

Using novel hybrid molecules for the treatment of tuberculosis is one of the latest approaches. Keeping this concept in mind, thirty two hybrid compounds were synthesized, with pyrrole as one of the moieties, clubbed to coumarin, ibuprofen and isoniazid. The compounds were evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain. Compounds 7e and 8e exhibited MIC of 3.7 and 5.10 μg mL−1 and growth inhibition of 95% and 92%, respectively. These compounds were also active against single drug resistant bacterial strains. The compounds were devoid of cytotoxicity when tested against Vero African green monkey kidney cell line. Docking study was carried out on enoyl acyl carrier protein enzyme to provide some understanding into the mechanism of action of these compounds.