N. F. Pisarenko

Soft particle radiation at an altitude of 320 km in the latitudes near the equator

A comparison of the energy given off in a CsI(Tl) crystal of an outboard detector and the intensity recorded by an internal scintillation counter of a Soviet satellite is presented. Each passage through a radiation belt is accompanied by a considerable rise in the internal counting rate while passage over the equatorial region corresponds to a minima. The external detector has a maxima at the equatorial passage. This indicates the existence of intense fluxes of particle radiation at an altitude of n at the 1800 d 300 km in equatorial latitudes between 150 l E and 150 l W. The radiation must be fairly soft since the internal shielded counter hardly detected it. (C.E.S.)

Detection of an inner radiation belt at the altitude of 320 km in the region of the South Atlantic magnetic anomaly

The presence of large magnetic anomalies on the surface of the earth can significantly affect the position of the radiation belt. The anomalously low absolute value of magnetic field strength in the South Atlantic is discussed and data taken from the second Soviet space ship are shown, (W.D.M.)

The outer radiation belt of the earth at the altitude of 320 km

Scintillation and gas-discharge counters on the second Soviet spaceship allowed a detailed investigation of the outer radiation belt near the earth and established its boundaries in relation to longitude. The spaceship orbit was almost circular at an altitude of 306 to 339 km. The energy threshold of the counter channel was 25 kev. (W,D.M.)

The earth's radiation belts at altitudes of 180–250 km

The third Soviet satellite in an orbit with perigee 187 km, apogee 265 km, and inclination to the equatorial plane of 65 deg , made it possible to trace the variation in the intensity and geographical position of the radiation belts on transition to lower altitudes. The satellites passage through sections of the radiation belts was accompanied by a sharp rise in the counting rate. Points were plotted on a map, at which the counting rate greatly exceeded the cosmic background. For comparison, points obtained from the second Soviet satellite were also plotted. Conjugate points were found for some points in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The unambiguous association between the zones of increased intensity in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres was one of the proofs that these zones belong to the outer radiation belt. (C.E.S.)

Investigation of the van allen belts in the region of the brazilian magnetic anomaly at altitudes of 235–345 km

Abstract The results are reported of an investigation of the Van Allen belts in the region of the Brazilian magnetic anomaly by Geiger and scintillation counters in the satellites “Kosmos-4”, “Kosmos-7”, “Kosmos-9” and “Kosmos-15”. A comparison is made between the results obtained in these satellites and the 2nd space vehicle.

The equator of cosmic rays from data of the third soviet ship-satellite

The use of satellites for the determination of the equator of cosmic rays, i.e. the geographical position of the line of minimum intensity of primary cosmic radiation, has many advantages in comparison with ground measurements. Thus, on the second Soviet cosmic ship-satellite for example, in 20 hr twenty-two points of the equator of cosmic rays were obtained(l). Among the instruments of the third ship-satellite, invented for the registration of ionizing radiations, just as on the second cosmic ship, was a gas-discharging halogen counter STSJ and a scintillation counter (a crystal of NaJ(T1) and a photomultiplier FEU-15; the speed of counting of the impulses and current was measured) which were situated inside the ship behind a guard approximately 5-l 50 g/cm 2 t2). The impulses from the counters were passed to the enumerating schemes which were questioned once in 3 min by the memory apparatus with storage space for one day. Thanks to the daily storage it succeeded in measuring the latitudinal dependence of the cosmic radiation for each crossing of the equator. In Fig. 1 is shown part of the curve indicating the dependence on the time (and correspondingly on the latitude) of the counting speed of STS-5 (upper curve) and of the energy separation in the crystal of the scintillation counter (lower curve). It must be mentioned that the intensity of cosmic rays, measured on the cosmic ship by the halogen counter STS-5 both in polar regions (approximately 3 particles/cm2.sec-l) and also especially at the equator (approximately O-7 particles/cm2.sec-l) exceeded the known value of intensity of the primary cosmic rays (approximately 1 and 0.05 particles/cm2.sec-l respectively(3)). A

The cosmic ray equator from data of the second soviet earth satellite

Determination of the geographical position of the line of minimum intensity of primary cosmic radiation (cosmic ray equator) makes is possible to study the structure of the geomagnetic field and to check theoretical and empirical approximations to this field. The minima of cosmic radiation intensity were determined by the second Soviet spaceship for 22 latitude curves obtained from various crossings in the region of the geographical equator. (W.D.M.)