N. Gomesh

Solar wireless power transfer using inductive coupling for mobile phone charger

A wireless power transfer (WPT) using inductive coupling for mobile phone charger is studied. The project is offer to study and fabricate solar WPT using inductive coupling for mobile phone charger that will give more information about distance is effect for WPT performance and WPT is not much influenced by the presence of hands, books and types of plastics. The components used to build wireless power transfer can be divided into 3 parts components, the transceiver for power transmission, the inductive coils in this case as the antenna, receiver and the rectifier which act convert AC to DC. Experiments have been conducted and the wireless power transfer using inductive coupling is suitable to be implemented for mobile phone charger.

Clear sky global solar irradiance on tilt angles of photovoltaic module in Perlis, Northern Malaysia

The performance of a photovoltaic (PV) is highly influenced by its orientation and its tilt angle with the horizontal, due to the fact that both the orientation and tilt angle change the amount of solar radiation reaching the surface of the PV module. This paper presents a calculation of tilt angle and global solar irradiance on PV module in Perlis, Northern Malaysia. A mathematic method is used to calculate tilt angles and clear sky global solar irradiance, which depend on latitude and day number. The clear sky global solar irradiance consists of beam, diffuse and reflected solar irradiance. The tilt angles and clear sky global solar irradiance change every day in a year and analyzed. The monthly average beam, diffuse, reflected and clear sky global solar irradiance are shown and analyzed in this paper. The tilt angles of PV module in Perlis, Northern Malaysia are −17.16° to 29.74°. The positive, zero and negative tilt angles indicate that the PV module is facing south, on horizontal surface and north, respectively. The monthly average beam solar irradiance give a highest value compared with the diffuse and reflected solar irradiance. The average monthly beam solar irradiance of a year is, 968.36 W/m2, diffuse and reflected solar irradiance are 88.22 W/m2, and 4.70 W/m2, respectively. Based on global solar irradiance of a year, Perlis has a big global solar irradiance potential, its average is 1019 W/m2. These data show that the clear sky global solar irradiance can be used for certain application, especially in PV power generation.

Potential of solar radiation and wind speed for photovoltaic and wind power hybrid generation in Perlis, Northern Malaysia

This paper presents analysis of the solar radiation and wind speed characteristics in Perlis, Northern Malaysia for the year of 2006. The characteristics consist of daily and annual mean solar radiation and wind speed. Peak sun hours (PSHs) of the solar radiation and PV power generation capacity are analyzed. The Weibull distribution function is applied to analyze the wind speed characteristics and used to calculate the wind power generation potential. Potential of PV and wind power generation is observed and analyzed during 24 hours (9th March 2011). The result shows that the annual total solar radiation in Perlis is 1831.45 kWh/m2 which will generate a total electric energy of 237.7 kW/m2 per year of PV module, if all the lands in Perlis were filled with horizontal PV panels, nearly 189,29 GWh of electricity could be produced per year. This shows the big potential of solar radiation for PV power generation in Perlis. Based on wind speed data, the probability density of 81.06% and its wind speed is 1.01 m/s, it is important to choose a suitable wind turbine for a wind power generation. Observation during 24 hours ((9th March 2011), for a 24 V PV and wind power hybrid generation, the PV array gives big potential and the wind power gives 10% of its total output voltage.

Analysis simulation of the photovoltaic output performance

Solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation is an attractive technique to reduce consumption of fossil fuels and as a renewable energy. PV system is convert photo energy into direct-current energy. The temperature of PV modules increases when it absorbs solar radiation, causing a decrease in efficiency. The overall power output and efficiency of the PV module can decrease by ~0.5%/ C and ~0.05%/ C when the ambient temperature of module increases. In fact the efficiency of the general PV modules is only between 13% until 20%. This caused will affected the PV module lifespan. In this work, the performance of PV output power is analysis by using PVsyst software. The open-circuit voltage (Voc) of PV module, short circuit current (Isc) and every change temperature on PV module are measure and record. In this work, the result of efficiency of PV under cooling system is 14% while the efficiency of PV under without cooling system is 10.3%. The incident irradiance is 1000 W/m2, the efficiency of PV module is 13.05% while the incident irradiance is 200 W/m2, and the efficiency of PV module is 10.45%. The higher efficiency of PV cell, the payback period of the system can be shorted and the lifespan of PV module can also be longer.

Solar cell using sensitizer extracted from organic substances

Renewable energy is rapidly gaining importance as an energy source that supports conventional energy from the deteriorating fossil fuels and coals. DSSC is another type of solar cell which has an advantage as low cost, easy to fabricate and is clean from contamination. This project presents the fabrication of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) using organic dyes from dragon fruit and spinach extract (chlorophyll) Fabrication of DSSC uses conventional Dr. Blades method and measurement of DSSC is tested under halogen lamp as the light source for solar cell. Results shows that by using dragon fruit as sensitizer, the solar cells efficiency is 4.07% which is better than the use of chlorophyll dye which is 3.60%.

Parameter determination of 0.5 hp induction motor based on load factor test-a case study

The load can influence the efficiency of the induction motor. Even if the load has higher or less load factor, it can reduce the efficiency of an induction motor by several percentage. By knowing this, it is important that an induction motor be loaded with an appropriate or load factor of 100%. In this paper, the experiment is conducted to prove that efficiency decreases when the 0.5 hp induction motors is interfaced under low load factor condition and in this case a 65% load factor. The induction motor is interfaced with a DC generator and a variable resistance as load. In order to determined the efficiency and the mechanical output power of the induction motor, the voltage of the induction motor is varied from 0–415 volt and the appropriate data is taken. This is then analysis and several calculation formulas are used to determine the motors parameters. After that the losses are segregated and from this we can compare the efficiency values in which it shows low efficiency of 66.62% based on output/input method and 66.34% by using the losses formula. This proofs that at low load factor the efficiency of the induction motor reduces.

Improvement of induction machine performance using power factor correction

In this paper, a new approach to improve power factor (PF) and reduced total harmonic distortion (THDi) is generated by a single phase induction motor is proposed. By designing the necessary technique and methodology, the power factor can be improve and the total harmonic distortion (THDi) can be reduced to the expectation. In general, the design of power factor correction (PFC) converter circuit associated with FA5501 is more efficient than active filtering in terms of application, economical aspects and effectiveness. As a result, the low THDi will cause high PF, will make lower apparent power, produce clean energy, improving voltage level and reduced energy losses.

Power capacity enhancement of transformerless photovoltaic inverter

A conventional inverter uses a transformer. Some transformers connected in parallel are needed to obtain a high power inverter. They cause the inverter has a big in size, expensive cost and low efficiency. To solve the problem, a transformerless photovoltaic inverter (TPVI) is suitable to be applied. This paper proposes a paralleled full bridge circuit (FBI) to enhance the power capacity of three-level transformerless photovoltaic inverter. It has a pulse driver circuit, five full bridge inverter circuits and a power factor correction (PFC) circuit. To obtain the high power capacity of the TPVI, five FBI circuits are connected in parallel. Each FBI circuit uses MOSFET IRFP460 which has rating current of 20 A, therefore the total FBI circuit has applicable maximum current of 100 A. Its main energy source is a photovoltaic (PV) array that consists of three unit PV modules connected in series, each unit has voltage of 81 V and power of 60 W. Some three unit PV modules are connected in parallel to fulfill the demand of high alternating current (AC) power. In this research, the AC three-level waveform of the TPVI is developed using a PIC microcontroller.

The impacts of stator outside diameters on induction motor nameplates: Analysis by using a finite element

Design stimulation by software is important in order to save money and time. This paper is using stimulation software, which is a finite element method, to analyze the stator outside diameter impact on rated current, horse power, power factor and motor efficiency. Then, engineer shall start to build the model after completing the stimulation. The model shall be compare to the stimulation results in order to see the effectiveness.

Effect of Maximum Voltage Angle on Inverter Performance Applied in Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS)

Uninterrupted power supply (UPS) sits between a power supply such as wall outlet and devices to prevent undesired feature that can occur within the power source such as outages, sags, surges and bad harmonics from the supply to avoid a negative impact on the devices. This paper presents a photovoltaic (PV) powered UPS using microcontroller PIC16F628A-I/P. It is a standby UPS whereas if the main power source fails to supply power to loads, a battery powered inverter turns on to continue supplying power. The battery is charged by the PV using solar charger and transfer switch controlled by the microcontroller. In this research, AC three-level waveform single phase inverter was developed and created by a microcontroller PIC16F627A-I/P with varied maximum voltage angle from 200 to 1800 and tested to a load of 240 V, 20 W AC aquarium water pump, and also analyzed effect of maximum voltage angle on the three-level single phase inverter performance. The result showed that maximum voltage angles of the inverter effected on root mean square value of AC voltage, current and power. If the maximum voltage angle was increased, therefore value of the AC voltage, current and power would increase. The maximum voltage angle would effect on the current total harmonic distortion (CTHD), the lowest CTHD of 15.448% was obtained when the maximum voltage angle was 1340.