N. Mohilal

Eight known species of Aphelenchoides nematodes with description of a new species from Manipur, India

Study of Aphelenchoides nematodes from different localities of Manipur were conducted for their documentation. During the study eight known and a new species were identified. Aphelenchoides aerialis sp. nov. differed from all other species of Aphelenchoides in having a tail without bifurcation and strong ventral mucro with single ventrosublateral caudal papillae in male. The known species along with the new species are described in the present study.

On the occurrence of a myxozoan parasite, Thelohanellus anilae sp. n. from a fresh water fish of India.

A new species of the genus Th elohanellus Kudo, 1933 is described from the gills of Labeo rohita. Th elohanellus anilae sp. n. occurs in two morphometrically dissimilar forms which are described as microspore and macrospore of the same species.

Two new species of Aphelenchoides (Nematoda: Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoidea: Aphelenchidae) from Manipur, India.

Analysis of the soil samples collected from around rhizospheric region of mulberry plants grown in Yurembam Rose Garden, Yurembam, Imphal West, Manipur yielded several soil and plant parasitic nematodes. Among them four species of Aphelenchoides were recorded. Upon detailed study, two species of Aphelenchoides were found to be new to science. Aphelenchoides dhanachandi sp. n. is characterized by ventrally curved body, clearly set off cephalic region and tail ending into a sharp pointed terminus, and stylet slender, 13.6–15.3 (14 ± 0.7) μm long with indistinct basal swellings and tamarind seed-shaped median bulb. Aphelenchoides neoechinocaudatus sp. n. is characterized by straight body with four incisures in the lateral field, flatten cephalic region, slender stylet with indistinct basal swellings, 11.9 μm long, elongated pear-shaped median bulb and short tail with pointed mucro. The two species are illustrated here.

Record of the species of Tripartiella (Lom, 1959) from fishes of Manipur

Survey on Trichodinid ciliophorans from the fresh water fishes of Manipur revealed three known species of the genus Tripartiella from the gills of major carps Labeo rohita (Hamilton); Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton); Catla catla and Ciprinus carpio. These are redescribed in this communication.

Myxobolus leafa sp. nov. (Myxozoa: Bivalbulida) from the gill filament of Labeo bata (Hamilton) from Manipur, India.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the gill filaments of Labeo bata in India parasitologically and to describe the new Myxozoa parasite species, Myxobolus leafa sp. nov., which was determined. METHODS Fish were collected alive from fish farms from Manipur (India). Sporogonic plasmodia were removed with sterile forceps and observed under phase contrast microscope. For permanent preparations, air dried smears were stained with Giemsa after fixation in acetone free absolute methanol. RESULTS Mature spores of the new species appear as leaf-like structures in valvular or frontal view, tapering at both ends. The anterior end of the spore is broader than the posterior end. Spores measure 15.3-11.8 μm (16.91 ± 1.16) in length and 13.6-15.3 μm (14.15 ± 0.67) in breadth. CONCLUSION The new gill parasite species, Myxobolus leafa sp. nov., was described from fish in India. The prevalence of the parasite was 3.3% and two stages (cyst and spore) of the parasite existed in its life cycle.

Evaluation of the Efficiency of Some Antagonistic Trichoderma spp. in the Management of Plant Parasitic Nematodes

Plant parasitic nematodes cause great economic losses to agricultural crops worldwide. They along, with their hosts, are not isolated in the ecological system, but are strongly influenced by antagonists, parasites and pathogens. Though pesticides appear to be the most economical and efficacious means of controlling plant pathogens, toxicological, environmental and sociological concerns have led to drastic reductions in the availabil‐ ity of efficient commercial nematicides. These restrictions have forced farmers to look for an integral system that makes use of other means of disease control. Species of spiral nematodes, Helicotylenchus and Scutellonema, were among the most abundant plant parasitic nematodes of the mulberry plant. Eco-friendly control of the parasitic nematodes could be achieved by means of endoparasitic fungi (like Hirsutella, Meria, Nematophthora and Nematoctonus), trapping fungi (like Arthrobotrys and Duddingtonia) or parasitic fungi (like Paeceilomyces lilacinus). During the course of this present work, Trichoderma Pers. Ex. Fr. was found to be one of the most effective fungi in controlling the eggs and J2 of Meloidogyne javanica. The present study outlines the comparative efficacy of five Trichoderma species (T. viride, T. harzianum, T. longibrachiatum, T. koningii and T. hamatum) against Helicotylenchus sp. and Scutellonema sp. The study also outlines the effect of Trichoderma viride Persoon on Scutellonema spp. and Helicotylenchus sp., effect of Trichoderma harzianum Raifae on Scutellonema sp. and Helicotylenchus sp., effect of Trichoderma longibrachiatum Rifai on Scutellonema sp. and Helicotylenchus sp., effect of Trichoderma koningii Oudeom on Scutellonema sp. and Helicotylenchus sp., and lastly effect of Trichoderma hamatum (Bonord) Bainier on Scutellonema sp. and Helicotylenchus sp.

Parasitic Nematodes of some Insects from Manipur, India

Manipur is situated in the north east of India. The state covers an area of 22,356 sq.kms of which the hilly region is about 91.75%, while the remaining 8.25% of the geographical area constitutes the central valley region. It lies between 23051`N and 25041`N latitudes and 9302`E to 94047`E longitudes. Generally, two types of climatic conditions are found in this state according to latitude, topography and direction of the prevailing wind system. Tropical monsoon type of climate prevails in the valley area whereas the cool temperate climate prevails in the hilly areas. The average maximum temperature of this state is 310C, the minimum temperature is 50C and the rainfall is about 2077mm per annum. Manipur being part of The North East India represents an important part of the Indo-Myanmar biodiversity hot spot recognized recently in the year 2005 among 34 Biodiversity hotspot of the world.