Nagao Shibata

Studies on the Symptom and Influence of Appetite Induced in Rats Given Phosphorus Deficient Diet

初体重70g前後のWistar系ネズミを用い, P欠乏食により出現する症状の把握およびPの食欲におよぼす影響につき調べることを目的として実験を行ない, 次のような成績を得た。1. 1カ月間P欠乏群P欠乏食投与20日目以後, 次第に欠乏による影響が出現し, 摂食量, 体重増加量, 効率の減少を認めた。毎日の観察では, 腹壁筋の軟化が観察された。血液生化学所見, 臓器重量比, 肝, 腎, 副腎, 腹壁筋等の組織標本およびX線写真は, いずれも正常であった。2. 2カ月間P欠乏群摂食量は平均17g/日, 体重増加量は平均0.8g/日程度であり, 欠乏群の中でも伸びの良好なもの, 劣るものが現われていった。毎日の観察では, 腹壁筋と四肢の緊張が著明となり, 血液生化学所見ではSGOT 267, SGPT 232と上昇を示し, 肝機能障害を疑わせた。その他の結果は, 正常であった。3. 3カ月間P欠乏群摂食量は, 2カ月欠乏群と同様の結果を示した。また体重増加量は, ほぼ全例で増加停止となり最後まで維持していった。効率は次第に低下し, 対照群の10～20%となった。毎日の観察では, 食糞するものが出現し, 腹壁筋の軟・硬の変化が続いていた。また全期間を通じ, 突然死・衰弱死するものは出なかった。血液生化学所見では, 2カ月欠乏と同様SGOT 161, SGPT 106と上昇が認められ, 血清P値のわずかな低下6.2mg/dlを認めた。次に臓器重量比では, 胸腺の萎縮0.07%, 盲腸の拡張6.5%が認められた。また組織標本では, 肝脂肪化の増加が著明であった。腹壁筋にも多少核の集中, 淡染等が認められた。その他は, 正常であった。全期間を通し, 尿蛋白, 尿糖は異常がなかった。この報告の大要は, 1974年5月の第28回日本栄養・食糧学会総会で発表した。

On Curative Doses of Pantothenic Acid Derivatives on Pantothenic Acid Deficiency (I)

Rats were given same kind of pantothenic acid defficient diets. Depending on season and characteristic of each rat there was a great difference in the number of days in whichsymptoms appeared and degrees of symptoms. Accordingly it is very difficult to determinethe minimum curative doses of pantothenic acid derivative.1) When treatment was begun as soon as symptoms appeared, the rats quickly recoveredafter given 30μg D-calcium pantothenate or D-pantothenol daily. In cases of DL-derivativesabout double the doses were necessary.2) When rats with a typical high degree of pantothenic acid defficient symptoms were given30μg D-pantothenic acid derivatives daily, although the symptoms showed slight recovery, they finally died.3) In the treatment of experimental pantothenic acid deficiency a single large dose is moreeffective than several small doses.4) As central nervous disturbances were often observed in pantothenic acid defficient rats, we believe they are one of the pantothenic acid defficient symptoms. The peripheral nervousdisturbances always appearing are mainly hyper-algesia, however the central nervousdisturbances are mainly extrapyramidal lesion.

Studies on Appetite (Part 2)

シロネズミにカゼイン, 脂肪, 蔗糖, マツカラム塩からなる一定の合成食餌を与え, その中の脂肪の含量をかえて, シロネズミの毎日の摂食量と体重増加量をしらべて, 食欲に及ぼす影響を検討し, 同時に全身の栄養状態を観察して下記の成績を得た。1) 大豆油16%含有食餌投与シロネズミの摂食量と体重増加率が最も大で且つ元気もよく, 剖検時の栄養状態も良好である。2) しかし脂肪の量と種類とを大幅に変えて与えても, シロネズミの摂食量と体重増加は良好である。(ただ肝油の大量継続投与は有害に作用する) 。3) 脂肪無投与シロネズミでも毎日平均3.5gの体重増加, 11gの摂食量で, 全身栄養状態良好, 皮膚変化も全くない。4) 実験食餌中に脂肪以外の必須栄養素が十分に存在していれば, 健常シロネズミの摂食量・体重増加の割合はいずれも良好である。すなわち脂肪の多寡は健常シロネズミの食欲には影響がない。

Nervous Disturbance Caused by Deficiency of Essential Nutrients

1) The authors gave tryptophan deficient diet to albino rats, weighing 120 to 130g, andf ound the following characteristic symptoms:i) All of the rats revealed the symptoms within a month.ii) The symptoms resembled Parkinsons disease, one of the symptoms of the extrapyramidal lesions.iii) The general conditions of the rats were fair.iv) When tryptophan was given after the appearance of nervous symptoms, their recovery was poor. They showed almost no signs of improvement even after a month.2) When rats weighing 40 to 50 g were fed on tryptophan deficient diets, they weakened rapidly and died before they showed any nervous symptoms.

Studies on the Pantothenic Acid Deficiency (III)

In the first and second divisions of this report, the symptoms and treatment of patients with pantothenic acid deficiency were described. In this division, descriptions were made concerning the symptoms of albino rats maintained on a diet deficient in pantothenic acid as well as the symptoms caused by the administration of ω-methyl pantothenic acid, an antimetabolite of pantothenic acid, in albino rats. Then it was found that the symptoms appeared in patients and albino rats with pantothenic acid deficiency were coincident with each other in various respects as appointed out below:1) Decreases in appetite, body weight and vitalities were observed in both patients and albino rats with pantothenic acid deficiency.2) Both patients and albino rats with pantothenic acid deficiency were recovered very rapidly by the administration of pantothenic acid calcium.3) Hyperaesthesia was observed in both patients and albino rats with pantothenic acid deficiency. The albino rats stood with their legs extended and walked on tiptoe in the metabolic cage made of wire netting, endeavouring to have as small part of their sole in contact with the cage as possible. Hyperaesthesia at the sole also persistedfor the longest during the recovery course in patients with pantothenic acid deficiency.4) Existence of a latent action tremor was disclosed by means of electromyography in two patients with pantothenic acid deficiency, while some descriptions concerning lesions in the central nervous system of albino rats with deficiency were found in the literature.5) There was no abnormality in the electrocardiogram in both patients and albino rats with pantothenic acid deficiency, indicating an important criterion to differentiate thrn from patients with ben-ben i and animals with thiamine deficiency.6) In the serum of patients with pantothenic acid deficiency, the concentration of albumin decreased and that of β-globulin and γ-globulin increased. In the serum of albino rats with pantothenic acid deficiency, the amount of total protein and albumin decreased and α1, α2 and β-globulin increased relatively, and especially γ-globulin decreased remarkably. Therefore, it was explainable that the albino rats became feeble and were susceptible to pneumonia and other, suppurative diseases. The patients were also easy to suffer from the common cold, pulmonary tuberculosis, abortion etc.7) The diet of patients with pantothenic acid deficiency was found to be deficient in other vitamins except vitamin C, in protein and in some of mineral salts. The patients were improved rapidly by giving an excellent food and an ample amount of vitamins. The albino rats with pantothenic acid deficiency were improved i apidly only by the administration of it.8) An extremely severe lesions (haemorrhage and necrosis etc.) in the adrenal coltex was obserbed in albino rats at the terminal stage of pantothenic acid deficiency, while no abnormality in the function of the adrenal gland in patients with pantothenic acid deficiency.9) No abnormality in the hair such as graying and alopetia etc. was observed in both patients and albino rats with pantothenic acid deficiency.