Naihao Song

Development of a 630 kVA Three-Phase HTS Transformer With Amorphous Alloy Cores

This paper describes design and operation of a three-phase HTS power transformer with capacity of 630 kVA operated in liquid nitrogen of 77 K for primary/secondary voltages of 10.5 kV/0.4 kV. The windings were wound by hermetic stainless steel-enforced multifilamentary Bi2223/Ag tapes. The structures of primary and secondary windings are solenoid and double-pancake respectively. Cryostat is made from electrical insulating materials with room temperature bore for commercial amorphous alloy core. Fundamental characteristics of the transformer are obtained by standard short-circuit and no-load tests. The ac losses were calculated and measured by method of conventional transformer. The HTS power transformer successfully operated in a live power grid.

Fabrication and Tests of a 1 MJ HTS Magnet for SMES

In this paper, the design, fabrication and tests of a I MJ HTS magnet for SMES was presented. The magnet was fabricated by BSSCO tapes, it consisted of 44 pancakes, the inner diameter of the winding is 400 mm, the outer diameter is 568 mm and the height is 648 mm, the inductance is 6.38 H and the rated operation current is 560 A at 4.2 K. The tests show the magnet could be operated at the design parameters. The magnet will be used for the 1 MJ/500 kVA SMES unit which will be demonstrated at a 10 kV substation in Beijing.

Design of a 380 m DC HTS Power Cable

High temperature superconducting (HTS) power cable is an effective power transmission utility with large capacity, high efficiency, and low loss, especially in DC power transmission. This paper describes the design of a 380 m HTS power cable with rated current of 10 kA for an aluminum electrolysis enterprise. The power cable connects the rectifier at a substation at one end with the bus bar of an aluminum electrolysis plant at the other end at Henan Zhongfu Industrial Co. LTD. The power cable will be energized in late of 2010. The design of the cable conductor, cryogenic envelope, termination, refrigeration, and online monitoring system of the 380 m HTS power cable are discussed in this paper.

Development of the World's First HTS Power Substation

With the increasing depletion of fossil fuels and growing environmental pressure, the mankind has got known the need to vigorously develop the renewable energy and the energy-saving technology. The high Tc superconducting (HTS) power technology will be very helpful to enhance the stability, reliability, and efficiency and transmission capacity of the power grid which would be dominated by the renewable energy. In this paper, we will report the installation and operation of a 10 kV HTS power substation which includes a 75 m/1.5 kA HTS power cable, a 10 kV/1.5 kA HTS fault current limiter, a 1 MJ/0.5 MVA high Tc SMES and a 630 kVA/10 kV/0.4 kV HTS power transformer.

Development of a 10 kA HTS DC Power Cable

The new energy revolution which will be dominated by renewable energy will need to develop a corresponding new power grid. Based on the characteristics of renewable energy resources, and the stability problem of AC network, it was proposed that the DC-based transmission grid should be developed in the future. The high Tc Superconducting (HTS) power cable will be a competitive candidate for large-capacity power transmission of renewable energy. In this paper, the progress of the development of a 360 m/10 kA HTS DC power cable is presented, and the prospects of HTS cable is discussed.

Design, Fabrication, and Tests of Three HTS Coils for a Model Fault Current Limiter

The design, fabrication and tests of three high temperature superconductor (HTS) coils for a rectifier-type model fault current limiter (FCL) were presented. The field distributions in the coil were numerically analysed by FEM. Based on the field distributions and the strong anisotropic characteristics of Bi2223/Ag tape, the HTS coils were designed and fabricated. The inner diameter and the height of the coils were 80 mm and 94 mm, respectively. Each of the coils consisted of 8 double pancakes. Every double pancake consisted of 103 turns with 35 meters of Bi-2223/Ag tape. After the characteristics of the coils were tested in liquid nitrogen, three of the coils were assembled in their nonmetallic-material cryostats and works with the model FCL.

Testing and Demonstration of a 10-kA HTS DC Power Cable

A 10-kA/360-m high-temperature superconducting (HTS) dc power cable has been developed and installed in 2012 in central China. The cable is connecting a rectifier at a substation to a bus bar of an aluminum electrolysis plant. Before operating in the power grid, a series of testing on the performance of the cable was conducted. The testing results show that the performance meets the operational requirements and that the critical current of the cable exceeds 12.5 kA. The 10-kA HTS cable was successfully energized at the Henan Zhongfu Industrial Company Ltd., Gongyi, China, on September 26, 2012. Since then, the cable has been stably and reliably supplying power for the companys aluminum electrolyzing plant.

Development and Demonstration of a 1 MJ High-Tc SMES

A superconducting magnetic energy storage system (SMES), with stored energy of 1 MJ and compensation power of 0.5 MVA, has been developed successfully, and now is operating at the worlds first superconducting power substation at Baiyin National High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Gansu Province, China. The SMES employs a high Tc superconducting magnet, which consists of 44 pancakes, operates at 4.2 K in liquid helium, and is cooled down by 4 G-M cryo-coolers. The SMES connects to a 10.5 kV power grid by the use of a power conversion system. Since 16 February, 2011, the SMES has been operating reliably, and providing good-quality power for three companies.

The Construction Progress of a High-Tc Superconducting Power Substation in China

It is expected that superconducting technologies will play an important role in the future smart grid, because the application of superconductor technologies in the power grid can decrease power losses, relieve overload, avoid higher levels of transmission voltage, increase power transmission capacity, and improve power quality and grid stability. In recent years, high temperature (high-Tc) superconducting power technologies have achieved remarkable progress. High temperature superconducting (HTS) power equipment, such as HTS power cables, HTS transformers, high-Tc superconducting fault current limiters (SFCL), and high-Tc superconducting magnetic energy storage devices (SMES) have been demonstrated in the power grids of many countries. With the development of HTS power equipment, the construction of a HTS power substation is ready. In China, a 10.5 kV HTS power substation is under construction in Baiyin city, Gansu province. The substation integrates a HTS power cable, a HTS transformer, a HTS fault current limiter, and a high-Tc SMES. All these HTS power devices, which were previously developed by the Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), have been demonstrated to operate for a long time in the commercial power grid. In this paper, the design and constructing progress of the HTS substation are introduced in detail.

Design of a 1 MJ/0.5 MVA HTS Magnet for SMES

SMES is a potential solution for power quality issues. The development of a 1 MJ/0.5 MVA SMES is now at its final stage and the device will be put into operation in a live power grid of 10 kV in late of 2006 at a substation in the suburb of Beijing, China. The design and analysis of the SMES coil has been completed and magnetic flux density distribution of and electromagnetic force on the coil has been analysed by means of FEM. The cryogenic system adopts bath cooling method and employs four cryo-coolers to re-liquefy the evaporated helium. And HTS current leads are utilized to reduce heat loss.