Nair Helena Castro Arriel

Efeito da adubação fosfatada sobre o crescimento e teor de macronutrientes de mudas de pinhão manso

A adicao de fosforo na composicao do substrato para producao de mudas ajuda as raizes e as plântulas a crescerem mais rapidamente, aumenta a resistencia aos estresses ambientais e doencas e melhora ainda a eficiencia no uso de nutrientes e da agua em varias especies vegetais. Objetivou-se, com este estudo, avaliar o efeito da adicao de superfosfato simples no substrato sobre o crescimento e teor foliar de macronutrientes de mudas de pinhao manso (Jatropha curcas). O substrato contendo material de solo e composto de lixo recebeu as doses de 0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5; 10 e 12,5 kg m-3 de superfosfato simples. As mudas foram avaliadas 30 dias apos o plantio. O crescimento maximo das plantas de pinhao manso foi observado com a adicao de superfosfato simples ao substrato em doses estimadas na faixa de 5 a 8 kg m-3 de substrato. O fertilizante fosfatado favoreceu o crescimento principalmente de raizes e area foliar e propiciou aumento do teor de todos os macronutrientes no tecido vegetal, exceto o calcio.

Redistribuição de nutrientes em folhas de pinhão-manso entre estádios fenológicos

Nutrient redistribution from mature leaves to growing structures is an important process in plant physiology. Each nutrient is redistributed in a different rate and time. This study aimed to quantify redistribution of macronutriens and minor nutrients in Jatropha curcas leaves through five phenological phases (expanding leaf, young leaf, mature leaf, senescing leaf, and dry leaf). It was observed that the nutrients P, K, Cu, and Zn are intensively redistributed from older to younger jatropha leaves, while N, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn are poorly redistributed. Leaf senescence causes a loss of the nutrients that are not redistributed because they will need to be re-absorbed for supporting the growth of new structures in the plant.

Posição da folha e estádio fenológico do ramo para análise foliar do pinhão-manso

ABSTRACT Leaf analysis is an important tool for prediction of nutritional disorders and evaluation of nutritionalstatus of plants. This procedure only can be effective if samples are standardized regarding leaf positionand phenological stage of the branch. This study had the objective of defining the most appropriate leafposition and type of branch for nutritional diagnosis of Jatropha plants. A factorial combination of fiveleaf positions (1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd , 5 th , and 10 node from apex to base) and two types of branch (vegetative andflowering) was adopted in a completely randomized design with four replications. Each leaf sample wascollected in 4 secondary branches of 20 plants in the flowering phase. Leaves in the position 2 and 3 arethe most adequate for analyzing N, P, K, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn, because they present mean values morestable when compared to the other studied positions. Leaves in the position 5 and 10 are more adequatefor analyzing Ca and Mg. The phenological stage of the branch does not influence nutrient content,except of Cu and Fe.

Comprimento das estacas e parte do ramo para formação de mudas de pinhão-manso

Jatropha curcas is traditionally propagated by seed. However, in several situations the vegetative propagation is an important alternative and its technology needs to be developed. The objective of this study was to evaluate how the length and the portion of the branch from where the cuttings are extracted, influence the rooting and growth capacity of Jatropha cuttings. The treatments were arranged in a 3 x 4 factorial design, with three cutting positions (apical, middle and basal) and four cutting lengths (10, 15, 20, and 25 cm). A completely randomized design with four replications and ten cuttings per plot was adopted. At 70 days after planting, the cuttings were evaluated for the number of sprouts and branches, branch length, number of leaves, leaf area, number of roots, and dry mass of shoots and roots. The position from where the cuttings are extracted (apical, middle or basal) did not influence its capacity for rooting and the growth of the seedlings. The cutting length influences the initial growth, and the best growth was obtained in cuttings of around 22 cm.

Atributos químicos de substrato de composto de lixo orgânico

O composto de lixo urbano e um material orgânico rico em alguns nutrientes, comumente utilizado na formulacao de substratos para producao de mudas. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos da aplicacao de doses de composto de lixo em atributos quimicos do solo. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetacao, em Campina Grande, PB, utilizando-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro repeticoes e 10 tubetes por parcela. Os tratamentos corresponderam a quatro doses de composto de lixo urbano (0, 10, 20 e 40% - v/v) adicionadas a um solo Neossolo Regolitico arenoso. Tubetes de 288 cm3 foram utilizados como recipiente de incubacao. A mistura de solo e composto de lixo orgânico foi incubada durante 40 dias, em umidade do solo equivalente a 60% da capacidade de campo. Apos a incubacao os substratos foram analisados para determinacao de pH em CaCl2 e teor de Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Soma de bases trocaveis e capacidade de troca de cations (mmolc dm-3), Saturacao de bases (%) e Teor de materia orgânica (g kg-1). O uso de composto de lixo urbano na formulacao de substratos para o cultivo de plantas em recipientes contribui significativamente para a melhoria da fertilidade do substrato.

Capacidade antioxidante e composição química de grãos integrais de gergelim creme e preto

The objective of this work was to determine the chemical composition, to estimate the contents of phenolic compounds and phytate, and to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of whole grains of cream and black sesame (Sesamum indicum). Seed samples from both grain types were subjected to a heat treatment in an oven with forced air circulation at 150°C for 10 min, and milled to 20‑mesh particle size. Cream sesame showed higher content of lipids, carbohydrates, soluble dietary fiber, and calories, while black sesame had higher content of insoluble and total dietary fibers. Black sesame had total soluble phenolic content of 261.9±7.5 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per 100 g of flour, which was approximately two times higher than the value observed for cream sesame (147.5±31.7 mg per 100 g of GAE). Phytate content in cream sesame was two times lower than in black sesame (0.66±0.06 and 1.36±0.04 g per 100 g of phytic acid, respectively). Black sesame has the highest functional potential related to antioxidant activity. However, both sesame grains can be considered sources of natural antioxidant compounds.

Heritability estimation in early generations of two-way crosses in soybean

The estimation of genetic parameters, especially in early generations, is very useful for directing the selection process in breeding programs. The present research was undertaken to estimate heritabilities in the broad sense, narrow sense and using parent-offspring regression in F3 soybean populations from six two-way crosses, originated from the Soybean Breeding Program of Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias (UNESP), Jaboticabal campus. It was used the family design with common checks located ten plots apart. It was observed highly significant differences among families. The experimental coefficient of variation (CVe), the CVg/CVe ratio and the heritability showed wide variation among traits, being the highest values found for number of pods, number of seeds and grain yield, making evident the existence of variance to be exploited by breeding. The estimation of the heritability coefficients in the broad sense, narrow sense and by regression were close in most of the situations, showing that the largest part of genetic variance is of additive nature, in which simple selection methods can lead to satisfactory genetic gains.

Influência das condições de cultivo na composição da semente e do óleo de gergelim

Effect of cultivation conditions on the composition of sesame seed and oil Fourteen selected sesame genotypes were grown in Patos, Paraiba State, Brazil and Barbalha, Ceara State, Brazil, and the trials were at a randomized block design with five replicates under non-irrigated and irrigated conditions, respectively. Seeds were evaluated for oil yield and chemical composition, while defatted meal was analyzed for amino acids content. The fatty acids and sterols profiles were also evaluated, as well as the characteristics for identity and oil quality. The differences observed between genotypes in the same area were small. However, significant differences (p <0.05) between the areas for oil content and protein were observed, with higher oil content found for genotypes in Barbalha, where the crop was irrigated. Higher amounts of stearic (C18: 0) and oleic acids (C18: 1) were observed for the oil from Patos, while for linoleic acid (C18:2) a higher content was found in Barbalha oil. As for sterols, campesterol, stigmasterol and delta 5 avenasterol were more abundant for samples from Barbalha, and sitosterol for samples from Patos (p <0.05). Some figures observed for some fatty acids, sterols, density and refractive index diverged from the identity characteristics described in Codex Alimentarius (2001), reinforcing the need to set up a national database that can support future changes in this standard.

Crescimento e produção de genótipos de gergelim em função de lâminas de irrigação

Aiming to evaluate the growth and productive capacity of different sesame genotypes, submitted to irrigation depths, an experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station of Embrapa, in Barbalha, CE. Five depths of irrigation and three genotypes of sesame were studied. These combined factors resulted in 15 treatments. The experiment was arranged in strips with 4 replications, resulting in 60 experimental units. Destructive growth analysis was performed, with samplings at 15 days interval to estimate leaf area and biomass. The growth variables were studied in 10 plants in each plot. At the end of the cycle, the production and its components were evaluated. The highest values of yield components were obtained with the water depth of 1026.50 mm. The growth of genotypes was affected by different irrigation depths, with higher growth of BRS Seda, in the higher availability of water, and in the lowest availability the genotype 27561-ELAG09 was the best. The highest levels of oil and protein were obtained in higher water availability.

Crescimento e fenologia de espécies de Jatropha durante a estação chuvosa

Jatropha curcas L., Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill and Jatropha gossypiifolia L. are Euphorbiaceae with potential for biodiesel production and use in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The aim of this study was to evaluate these species in terms of growth and phenology in a field experiment. In this study an experimental design of randomized blocks was adopted. The experimental plot had 18 plants and a useful plot area of 15 m2. In the phenological studies of plants the following phases were considered: establishment/vegetative growth, flowering, fruiting and ripening/harvest. The phenological stages of the species differed chronologically. Jatropha mollissima outgrew the others in plant height, while Jatropha curcas outgrew the others in stem diameter. The highest relative growth rates in plant height occurred during vegetative growth, with the highest values being recorded in Jatropha mollissima, while the greatest relative growth rates also in vegetative growth were recorded in Jatropha curcas. The lowest relative growth rates in plant height and stem diameter of the studied species coincided with the reproductive phases.