Najidah Hambali

Process controllability for flow control system using Ziegler-Nichols (ZN), Cohen-Coon (CC) and Chien-Hrones-Reswick (CHR) tuning methods

The controllability of the process depends on the values need to be chosen for the proportional, integral and derivative constants. The value of proportional, integral and derivative can be estimated using various tuning method. The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of various proportional, integral and derivative controller tuning methods for flow control system. A Tangent Method and Reformulation Tangent Method were compared in this paper to perform the open-loop test. From the open-loop test, the value of response rate, dead time and time constant were obtained. The controller parameters from open-loop test were used in tuning rule to get the optimum value of proportional, integral and derivative gains. The tuning methods used in this paper were Ziegler-Nichols, Cohen-Coon and Chien-Hrones-Reswick. Performance comparison and analysis of the three proportional, integral and derivative tuning were based on percent overshoot, settling time, rise time and integral absolute error. The fine tuning technique has used to improve the result which the value of proportional and integral gains were tuned. The result showed that Ziegler-Nichols and Chien-Hrones-Reswick tuning methods provided better performance compared to CC tuning method.

Reformulated tangent method of various PID controller tuning for air pressure control

The optimum proportional(P), integral(I) and derivative(D) constants can be estimated using tangent method and proper tuning rule for process stability. The purpose of this paper is to compare the performance of various controller tuning methods for controlling the process of air pressure control trainer model SOLTEQ SEl2l. The simplest open loop test on actual plant has been performed using a new Reformulated Tangent Method (RTM). The optimum PID value is set to the real plant based on Ziegler-Nichols (ZN), Chien-Hrones-Reswick (CHR) and Chien et. al. (Chien) tuning rules. The PID Tuner software is used to simulate the response to be compared with the real plant response. The plant is connected to a Yokogawa Centum CS 3000 R3 Distributed Control System (DCS). The performance of each method is analyzed in term of percent overshoot(%OS) settling time(Ts), rise time(Tr) and integral absolute error(IAE).

Process controllability for air temperature oven system using open-loop Reformulated Tangent Method

This paper presents the effect of various control tuning methods to the controllability of air temperature oven system. The simplest open loop test on actual plant has been performed using a Reformulated Tangent Method (RTM). Three PID tuning rules namely Ziegler Nichols (Z-N), Cohen Coon (C-C), and Chien, Hrones & Reswick (CHR) are used in this work. The plant is connected to Distributed Control System (DCS). The performance of these control tuning rules are evaluated in term of their closed loop characteristics such as percent overshoot (% OS), settling time (Ts), rise time (Tr) and integral absolute error (IAE). The results of this study showed that Cohen-Coon tuning method give best performance to the controllability of air temperature oven system as compared to the other rules.

Various PID controller tuning for air temperature oven system

Temperature controllers are needed in any situation requiring a given temperature be kept stable. This can be in a situation where an object is required to be heated, cooled or both and to remain at the desired temperature, regardless of the changing environment around it. The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of three controller tuning methods for an air oven temperature control system. The controller parameters, response rate and dead time are determined by using Reformulated Tangent Method in open-loop test. Then, the optimum Proportional-Integral-Derivative value are determined by using Ziegler-Nichols, Chien et al. and Takahashi tuning methods. The performance of each tuning rule is analyzed in the closed-loop characteristics such as percent overshoot, setting time, rise time and integral absolute error. The fine tuning technique was implemented to improve the result which the value of Proportional-Integral-Derivative gains were tuned. The result presented that the Ziegler-Nichols tuning method give better performance compared to Chien et al. and Takahashi tuning methods.

Perceived Stress Scale and Brainwave Characteristic of Breastfeeding Women

Breastfeeding is a process of nursing a baby with milk straight from the women’s breast. It is suggested that a baby should be breastfed within one hour of birth, exclusively breastfed for the first six months, and then breastfed until age two with age-appropriate, nutritionally sufficient and harmless complementary diets. This paper focuses on the examination of breastfeeding women on their stress level and the brainwave characteristics. The brainwave signals were documented using wireless Electroencephalogram (EEG) equipment via Bluetooth while. The stress level was performed using a questionnaire. The EEG signals were derived using an existing system with the electrodes attached to human scalp. These electrodes measure the electrical signals which are produced by the activities of the neurons in the human brain, such as Delta, Theta, Alpha and Beta waves in the brain to determine the Brainwave Balancing Index (BBI) and also the brain hemispheric dominance which is right or left dominance. The outcome presented balanced BBI of the breastfeeding women after the breastfeeding session, although most of them were high in stress. Right brain dominance was also recorded for the majority of them for both sessions, before and after breastfeeding. Statistical investigation leads to no significant correlations between stress and BBI of breastfeeding women after breastfeeding session, in terms of breastfeeding method and in terms of breastfeeding women’ categories.

A review on nonlinear modeling for steam distillation system and its significance

This paper focuses on a system identification review for distillation column. A recent developments and approaches explored by reseachers demonstrated the improvement and efficiency of linear and nonlinear modeling. Numerous investigation on the modeling of distillation column including essential oil extraction application have attracted much attention. Much research in recent years has focused on both linear and nonlinear modeling for distillation column. Although both models improves performance of the system, a comparative assessment revealed greater achievement of the nonlinear model for distillation column compared to the linear model. The significance of various input signals and the performance have been highlighted for the nonlinear system.

Implementing Problem-Based Learning in Process Control Laboratory for Final Year Electrical Engineering undergraduates: Flow control plant

This paper presents the implementation of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) method in the Process Control Laboratory for the flow control plant. This laboratory is designed for final year system engineering undergraduates. The flow control plant can be operated either using Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) or Distributed Control System (DCS). DCS was used as a group work task for this laboratory for Proportional and Integral (PI) tuning method experiments. Facts, Ideas, Learning Issues and Actions (FILA) table has been used to extract the problems given in the problem statement lab sheets. A performance comparison of PID controller tuning methods for controlling the flow control trainer was recorded. The selection of controller parameters value determines the stability of the process. The open-loop tests were performed on a plant and the information extracted from the methods was used for the tuning rules. The optimum values of P and I parameters were set based various tuning rules. The performance of these tuning rules was compared after closed-loop set point change operation. The fine tuning technique was used as an open ended solution in order to improve the result where the values of PI were tuned.

Development of user interface system for control laboratory experiment

This paper presents the development of user interface system specifically for three tank water level process plant installed at Control Laboratory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, UiTM Shah Alam. The system is developed in order to help students understand the experiments by visualizing data plot and simulate the process. The development of user interface system is based on the actual process plant system operation. The design includes all the necessary components and facilities necessary to function properly. The system is designed using NI LabVIEWTM and tested in term of its ability to display about the state of the process, to accept and implement the users control instructions. The application of the developed user interface system to the existing process plant system give great improvement in the way of conducting the experiments particularly, data collection. The results had proved that the developed system able to visualize the process response accurately.

Application of virtual air temperature oven in process control laboratory

This paper presents the application of virtual air temperature oven as an alternative way of carrying out the temperature control experiment in process control laboratory at Faculty of Electrical Engineering, UiTM, Shah Alam. A virtual air temperature oven is developed so that students will have effective experiment time and achieve the objective of the experiment. The development of virtual air temperature oven system is divided into two parts namely monitoring and temperature control. The principle operation of virtual air temperature oven is designed based on the actual air temperature oven. The design includes all the necessary components and facilities necessary to function properly. The program is written using G-programming language potentialities of LabVIEW™ version 2011 running on a Dell Core 2 Duo 2.0GHz, 3GB RAM computer with Windows 7 Ultimate operating system. It is proved that this type of instrument gives great improvement in laboratory experiments in terms of flexibility.