Nam Deog Kim

Novel 120-Hz TFT-LCD motion-blur-reduction technology with integrated motion-compensated frame-interpolation timing controller

— Samsung has developed a high-resolution full-HD (1920 × 1080) 120-Hz LCD-TV panel using a novel pixel structure and a motion-compensated frame-interpolation (McFi) single-chip solution. Our latest work includes launch of a 70-in. full-HD panel, the worlds largest LCD TV in mass production, with a 120-Hz frame rate. A serious problem involving the charging time margin has been completely overcome through the use of a new alternative 1G-2D pixel structure and a new driving scheme. Compared with conventional dot-inversion driving, our new dot-inversion method, which is a spatial averaging technique, can save power because the column drivers are operated using vertical inversion driving. In addition, McFi, which merges individual ME/MC and timing-controller (TCON) ICs and memories, has been developed and applied in a mass-production product for the first time ever. The McFi solution provides 120-Hz driving with the lowest possible system cost. Motion-picture response time (MPRT) has been reduced from 1 5 to 8 msec. Moreover, for the case of 24-Hz film source mode, motion judder has been completely eliminated. As a result, a lineup consisting of 40-, 46-, 52-, 70-, and 82-in. LCD-TV panels with high quality and manufacturability has been made possible.

31.1: Invited Paper: World's First 240Hz TFT‐LCD Technology for Full‐HD LCD‐TV and Its Application to 3D Display

FHD) liquid crystal display TV (LCD-TV) has been enhanced by increasing the panels frame rate to 240Hz, and this 240Hz driving technology has been applied to 3D TV. Compared to a 120Hz LCD, the 240Hz LCD has two challenges: 1) half of the available pixel charging time, and 2) three times as many interpolated frames. A new architecture has doubled the available pixel charging time by means of a half-gate two-data (hG-2D) driving scheme and a charge-shared super PVA (CS S-PVA) pixel structure. Additionally, a 240Hz ME/MC algorithm has been implemented on the LCD module to convert 60Hz incoming frames into 240Hz frames. Motion picture response time (MPRT) of the new LCD-TV has been measured as 4.7msec, which is similar to the MPRT for a cathode ray tube (CRT) TV. 1. Introductionblur in LCDs mainly arises from the LCDs inherent hold type driving method, and is considered to be one of the most significant causes of moving picture image degradation. Recently, due to rapid advances in image processing and LCD driving technology, double speed (120Hz/100Hz) driving with motion estimation (ME) and motion compensation (MC) has became popular as a means of improving motion image quality (1). However, the MPRT of 120Hz LCDs is on the order of 7-8ms, which is similar to that of plasma display panels (PDPs). Motion image quality of LCDs has still been considered to be inferior to other display devices, especially CRTs. As a result, the need for high speed driving beyond 120Hz has been noted. In this work, we report the worlds first 240Hz LCD-TV panel, which has been developed by adopting a half-gate two-data (hG-2D) and charge- shared super PVA (CS S-PVA) pixel structure and advanced driving scheme (2-3). The concept of 240Hz ME/MC driving is shown and compared to conventional 120Hz ME/MC driving in figure 1. With 240Hz driving, three interpolated frames are inserted between the two original 60Hz frames. The extra frames result in hold time which is half that of a 120Hz-driven LCD, which should result in further reduction of motion blur. However, it is not enough to simply send twice as many frames to the panel. To benefit from this extra data, the LCD module must be completely re-architected from its input interface to the pixel structure.

An 82‐in. ultra‐definition 120‐Hz LCD TV using new driving scheme and advanced Super PVA technology

— An ultra-definition (UD or 3840 × 2160) resolution 82-in. product with 120-Hz high-frame-rate driving has been developed for LCD-TV applications. The resolution increase from full HD to UD greatly reduces the available charging time. This problem has been overcome by employing a half-gate two-data-line design (hG-2D) for Super PVA pixels. Additionally, cost-effective single-bank driving has been achieved by adopting a vertical-quarter-partitioned (VQP) driving scheme. A viewing angle of 180°, contrast ratio of 2200:1, and brightness of 550 nits have been achieved while maintaining all of the other advantages of the Super-PVA structure.

18.1: Distinguished Paper: Novel TFT‐LCD Technology for Motion Blur Reduction Using 120Hz Driving with McFi

Samsung has launched a 70-inch Full HD (1920×1080) LCD-TV panel which, on a commercial basis, is the worlds largest size so far. This size is the maximum that can be achieved using a single polarizer sheet. Its features include 600 nits luminance, dynamic control using LED local dimming, 100,000:1 contrast ratio, and a color gamut of 105%. Also, it is the worlds first high speed FHD 120Hz frame rate panel, accompanied by a newly developed pixel structure and driving scheme. This totally new driving method concept includes an alternative pixel structure developed from the 1G-2D cell structure that we announced last year. Also, new product and design technology, optimized for larger sized LCD-TV products, was adopted. This technology overcomes severe charging margin requirements, enabling manufacturability and high quality in Samsungs FHD line-up (40″, 46″, 52″, 57″, 70″).

55.1: 12.1‐inch a‐Si:H TFT LCD with Embedded Touch Screen Panel

A touch screen panel (TSP) embedded 12.1-inch LCD employing a standard a-Si:H TFT-LCD process has been successfully developed. Compared with conventional touch screen panels, which use additional components to detect touch events, the new TSP exhibits a clearer image and improved touch feeling, as well as enabling the LCD module to provide the sensing data through the driver ICs with an integrated readout function. Our new internal digital switching TSP can be fabricated with low cost because it does not require any additional components compared to a standard a-S:H TFT LCD.

Simple multimode stereoscopic liquid crystal display

A novel multimode stereoscopic imaging system is developed. The system consists of a polarizer and a passive liquid crystal sheet which is patterned into periodic liquid crystal configuration regions. One is in the 90° twisted nematic (TN) state while the other is in a non-twisted state (liquid crystal aligned antiparallel). This 3D imaging system can be viewed in the autostereo mode without spectacles but has discrete viewing zones and in a binocular stereo mode which requires passive polarized glasses. This system is also convertible between 2D and 3D modes. Its principle is confirmed using the test cells. The viewing angle characteristics are also investigated.

9.1: A 57-in. Wide UXGA TFT-LCD for HDTV Application

Samsung has announced the development of a full WUXGA (1920×1080) 57″ LCD-TV panel using Super PVA (S-PVA) technology, the worlds largest LCD-TV. This product represents several breakthrough developments, which include contrast ratio of over 1000:1, and response time of sub-10msec using DCC-II technology. In addition, Samsung has overcome some major obstacles toward production of such large-sized panels.

16.1: 82″ Ultra Definition LCD Using New Driving Scheme and Advanced Super PVA Technology

Samsung has developed an ultra definition (UD, or 3840×2160) resolution 82″ product for LCD TV applications. The resolution increase from full HD to UD greatly reduces available charging time. This problem has been overcome by employing a half-gate two-data line design (hG-2D) for super PVA pixels. Additionally, cost effective single bank driving has been achieved by adopting a vertical quarter partitioned (VQP) scheme. Viewing angle of 180 degrees, contrast ratio of 2200 to 1, and brightness of 550nits have been achieved while maintaining all other advantages of the super PVA structure.

38.1: Embedded Liquid Crystal Capacitive Touch Screen Technology for Large Size LCD Applications

A new embedded touch screen panel (TSP) incorporated with liquid crystal capacitive (LCC) sensors and a-Si:H TFT amplifiers has been developed. The size of sensor pixels and capacitance values have been optimized for improved sensitivity. The readout current from a sensor pixel is converted to readout voltage data, and a digital calibration process is conducted. A sensing voltage larger than 1V is obtained with 50gf finger touch, and a highly sensitive multi-finger touch operation has been demonstrated with aproto-type 16 inch qHD panel.

45.3: Cost Effective 60Hz FHD LCD with 800Mbps AiPi Technology

AiPi technology incorporates an embedded clock and control scheme with a point-to-point bus topology, achieving the smallest possible number of interface lines between a timing controller and source drivers. A point-to-point architecture enables the data rate to be boosted and the number of interface lines to be reduced because impedance matching can be easily achieved. An embedded clock and control scheme is implemented by means of multi-level signaling resulting in simple clock/data recovery circuitry. A 46″ AiPi-based 10-bit FHD prototype requires only 20 interface lines, compared to 38 lines for mini-LVDS. The measured maximum data rate per one data pair is more than 800Mbps.