Namho Chung

Tourists' intention to visit a destination

We investigated Augmented Reality (AR) application users intention to visit destination.AR application is developed as a part of smart tourism to provide information about destination.We conduct surveys and apply structural equation model to find the causal relationship.Personal, stimulus, and situational factors are significantly affect the AR usage intention and destination visit intention.The findings explain why tourist use AR application and its influence to the intention to visit destination. Augmented reality (AR) is being developed as a part of smart tourism to provide information about destinations and attractions. Its usage will maximize tourist satisfaction, based on tourists active usage. Three aspects have been found to be factors encouraging tourists to actively utilize AR. The first aspect is technology readiness (TR) meaning that a tourist has an overall state of mind such that they are ready to use a technology. The second aspect is the visual factor of AR. The third aspect is the situational factor. Thus, this study conceptualizes these crucial factors of AR usage as well as how these influence visitors AR usage intention and destination visit intention through their beliefs and AR attitude. We collected sample from 145 people using an AR application in Deoksugung Palace, South Korea. This study analyzed hypotheses with structural equation model. The result shows that TR was a predictor of perceived usefulness. In addition, visual appeal and facilitating conditions affected perceived ease of use. Perceived ease of use affected perceived usefulness. Finally, perceived usefulness and ease of use affected intention to use AR and to visit a destination via AR attitude. This study presented theoretical and practical implications.

How does ecological responsibility affect manufacturing firms' environmental and economic performance?

Sustainability is emerging as an important approach that manufacturing companies employ to improve their economic profitability and competitive advantage by enhancing environmental performance. Consistent with the contemporary aspects of ecological responsibility, specific forms of coordination such as internal cross-functional coordination in a firm and external supply chain coordination mechanisms mediate the relationship between an environmental sustainability orientation and environmental performance. Despite the importance of coordination, empirical studies investigating the mediating roles of this coordination are relatively scarce. Our theoretical model therefore examines the mediating effects of coordination. The results show that the relationship between an environmental sustainability orientation and environmental performance is mediated by green manufacturing coordination and green supply chain coordination.

Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation for using a booth recommender system service on exhibition attendees' unplanned visit behavior

Our study on unplanned behavior theory examines the effect of the booth recommender system (BRS) service on exhibitions arising from either extrinsic or intrinsic motivation. Previous studies have ignored the importance of the unplanned behavioral effectiveness through a BRS service that joins extrinsic and intrinsic motivations to deliver unexpected outcomes at exhibitions. In this paper, we propose a model for the impact of BRS service in which the perception of usefulness and the threats to freedom of choice mediate the effect of both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on unplanned booth visit behavior. We collected data from 101 exhibition visitors and analyzed the data using the partial least squares (PLS) method. Our findings indicate that intrinsic motivations (escape, event attractions) are significantly related to both the perceived usefulness of the BRS service and the threats to freedom of choice, while extrinsic motivation (information gain) were not significantly related to those characteristics. The perceived usefulness of the BRS service directly mediates the effect of escape and event attractions on unplanned booth visit behavior. The results and implications of these findings are further discussed in the paper.

Do reward programs build loyalty to restaurants? The moderating effect of long‐term orientation on the timing and types of rewards

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to propose long‐term orientation as a moderating effect on restaurant customer reward programs. Unlike in short‐term oriented and transactional marketing, long‐term orientation is an important factor in creating new loyal customers.Design/methodology/approach – This research shows how the moderating effect of long‐term orientation affects customer reaction to reward timing (Experiment 1) and reward type (Experiment 2). The independent variables of Experiment 1 were timing of rewards (immediate/accumulate) and long‐term orientation (high/low), with the dependent variable being customer loyalty. The independent variables of Experiment 2 were the types of rewards (monetary/nonmonetary) and long‐term orientation (high/low), with the dependent variable being customer loyalty. The treatment groups are different from each other with regard to reward type and reward timing.Findings – Depending on the reward type and its timing, long‐term orientation has a moderating effect o...

Assessing the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic motivators on smart green IT device use

We investigate the determinants of behavior intention to use green IT device.We tried to understand motivation theory in explaining the causal relationship between motivation aspects and perceived usefulness.We emphasized on how the reference group moderates the motivations and perceived usefulness relationship.Intrinsic motivation (perceived enjoyment) is significantly related to the perceived usefulness.Extrinsic motivation (saving money, legislative pressure) is strongly related to the perceived usefulness. In this study, we investigated the determinants of perceived usefulness of smart green information technology (IT) device in reducing electricity consumption. Though there are many determinants of intention to use a technology, perceived usefulness is a key determinant of continuance intention. We used motivation theory to explain the causal relationship between motivational variables and perceived usefulness. By using reference group theory, we emphasized how a reference group moderates the relationship between motivations and the perceived usefulness of smart green IT device. We used partial least squares (PLS) regression for analysis and found that intrinsic motivations (perceived enjoyment) significantly relate to the perceived usefulness of smart green IT device. We also found that extrinsic motivations (saving money and legislative pressure) strongly relate to the perceived usefulness of this device. In summary, we found that perceived usefulness strongly impacts the continued use of a smart green IT device and that a reference group partially moderates the independent variables and moderator variables.

Why people share information in social network sites? integrating with uses and gratification and social identity theories

Social network sites (SNSs) have been drastically increasing in use in recent years and can be cited as a communication tool with diversified forms in comparison with existing media. People are conducting various activities including relaxing entertainments, information sharing, escapism, social interaction, habitual pass time and others through the use of the SNSs. However, people have various motivation when using SNSs, with information sharing drawning a lot of organizational attention. Therefore, this study aims to ascertain motivational factors of SNSs that influence information sharing and conduct empirical analysis based on use and gratification theories and social identity theory. Factors influencing motivation of use of SNSs were divided into self-expression, involvement, interaction and media structure, and analysis was conducted to determine effects on continuance SNSs motivation. Our analysis results show that involvement had the greatest effect on continuance motivation and that remaining factors were also significant. In addition, continuance motivation turned out to have a significant effect on information sharing.

When social media met commerce: a model of perceived customer value in group-buying

Purpose n n n n nSocial commerce using social media has been on the rapid increase. Among various social commerce models, group-buying has become the mainstream. There is a paucity of research related to how customers perceive value in group-buying situations. This paper aims to examine and analyze various factors that influence perceived customer value in group-buying. n n n n nDesign/methodology/approach n n n n nData were collected using a survey on customers who had purchased a restaurant service deal on a group-buying site. A partial least squares technique was used to estimate the model. n n n n nFindings n n n n nResults show that perceived customer value affects customers’ group buying intentions and that all four antecedents of perceived value (low price, valence of experience, trust in social media and reputation of the group-buying site) have a significant influence. Implications and further research directions are discussed at the end of the paper. n n n n nOriginality/value n n n n nThis study provides valuable strategic implications for social commerce firms.

A near field communication adoption and its impact on Expo visitors behavior

We investigate the determinants of NFC reuse intention and Expo loyalty on Expo.We used motivation-opportunity-ability framework and satisfaction transfer.Motivation, opportunity and ability are significant to the NFC value.NFC users self-efficacy does not affect the NFC satisfaction.NFC value, NFC satisfaction and Expo satisfaction affects Expo loyalty. Utilization of advanced smart technologies and online-to-offline/offline-to-online marketing has resulted in the adoption of near field communication (NFC) in many expositions (Expos). The objective of NFC is to enhance and revitalize the Expo experience of visitors. Thus, this study focused on the motivation-opportunity-ability framework and satisfaction transfer of visitors who process information using NFC to understand NFC reuse intention and Expo loyalty. We hypothesized that information quality (motivation), organizational support for using NFC at an Expo (opportunity), and self-efficacy (ability) influence NFC value and NFC satisfaction. NFC value would influence satisfaction with NFC and with the Expo, which then influences NFC reuse intention and Expo loyalty, respectively. A survey of 309 visitors at the Expo showed that information quality and organizational support influenced perceived value and satisfaction of NFC. Self-efficacy influenced the perceived value of but not the satisfaction with NFC. Further, the perceived NFC affected NFC reuse intention and Expo loyalty through satisfaction with NFC and satisfaction with the Expo, respectively. This study thus expands the scope of study on NFC by demonstrating the need for utilization of NFC and by empirically demonstrating the importance of NFC.

Why don't consumers go internet shopping in Korea? Segmentation of consumer lifestyle approach

Due to the rapid increase of internet users, internet shopping malls in Korea are growing at a very rapid rate, though a structural vulnerability is also being revealed. About 55.8% of internet users in Korea use internet shopping malls. Therefore, to enlarge the sizes of internet shopping markets, it is paramount to attract shoppers who do not currently shop on the internet. In this regard, this study analysed the characteristics of internet shoppers and non-internet shoppers from diverse aspects based on surveys conducted on 4298 subjects residing across Korea, using 28 consumer lifestyle measurement items. The results of the analysis indicated that non-internet shoppers are married, earning relatively high incomes, and have little experience in accessing the internet. A Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) analysis was conducted, and the result indicated that internet shoppers pursued the product/service information from internet shopping, but non-internet shoppers did not want to use credit cards during internet shopping. Based on the above mentioned study results, it was attempted to present detail strategies for internet shopping mall businesses to attract non-internet shoppers to internet shopping markets.

Intention to Use Green IT/IS: A Model of Multiple Factors

The current study attempts to further our understanding of the determinants of behavior intention to use Green IS by focusing on the individual aspects of environmental behaviors. This study integrates the attitudinal factors, contextual factors, and personal capability to explain the causal relationship between users and green technology behaviors. By adopting goal framing theory, this study proposed three different individual goal frames in environmental context: hedonic goal (perceived pleasurability), gain goal (economic factor and legislative pressure), and normative goal (personal norms and social norms). This study also emphasized on the difference between personal norms and social norms according to the norm-activation theory. Partial Least Square (PLS) was used to analyze the data of 100 respondents. Eight of twelve hypotheses were strongly supported. We found that personal norms, perceived pleasurability, economic factor, and legislative pressure had positive and significant effects on intention to use Green IS. However, the effect of social norms on behavior intention was insignificant. Important theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.