Naoyoshi Mori

Toxicity of Microcystis aeruginosa K‐139 Strain

Toxicity of the cells of a newly established axenic Microcystis aeruginosa K‐139 strain to mice was studied. LD50 of the cells harvested in the mid‐log phase was 7.3 mg/kg. The organs of acute dead mice were examined histopathologically. The blood congestion and necrosis of the parenchymal cells around the central veins in the liver were observed, but other organs seemed to be normal. The liver damage was confirmed by the tests of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activities in the sera of the mice after the injection with the K‐139 cells. Furthermore, the K‐139 cells were capable of inducing interleukin 1 (IL‐1) production by peritoneal macrophages in vitro.

Waldenström's macroglobulinemia terminating in immunoblastic sarcoma. A case report.

An autopsy case of 69‐year‐old man wth Waldenströms macroglobulinemia terminating in immunoblastic sarcoma is reported. In the course of this case, the appearance of plasmocytoid lymphocytes was initially observed in peripheral blood smears and bone marrow punctures, but lymph node biopsy and bone marrow aspirations performed in the terminal stage, as well as autopsy, revealed a diffuse monotonous proliferation of immunoblasts in the lymphoreticular tissues. With the immunofluorescence method and PAP method of Taylor,11 IgM K type of immunoglobulin was demonstrated in the cytoplasm of the proliferating cells, and the electron microscopic enzyme‐labeled antibody technique identified localization of the immunoglobulin in the nuclear envelope and rough endoplasmic reticula of the immunoblasts. The results indicate that the initial appearance of plasmocytoid lymphocytes in this case and its terminal transformation into immunoblastic sarcoma are rare phenomena occurring in a single clone proliferation disorder of B‐cell synthesizing IgM k immunoglobulins.

Immunoelectron microscopic study of Hodgkin's disease.

Seven patients with Hodgkins disease were studied for the presence of lysozyme and alpha‐1‐antitrypsin activity by immunoelectron microscopy. As a result, Reed‐Sternberg cells, Hodgkins cells, and atypical cells were distinctly positive for lysozyme in four cases and weakly positive in the remaining three cases. These cells were also positive for alpha‐1‐antitrypsin in all cases. Because the cells of the monocyte–macrophage lineage also bore lysozyme and alpha‐1‐antitrypsin, it is suggested that Reed‐Sternberg cells, Hodgkins cells, and the atypical cells are derived from the monocyte–macrophage lineage.

Immunohistochemical study of low affinity fc receptor for ige in reactive and neoplastic follicles

The distribution of low affinity IgE Fc receptors (FceR2, FceRII) in reactive and neoplastic follicles was studied by an indirect immunoperoxidase method with monoclonal antibody specifically reacting to FceRII (H107). The tissues examined in this study included lymph nodes, extranodal tissues of divergent diseases, and follicular lymphomas. In the germinal centers (GCs) of the lymph follicles. FceRII showed a lace-like pattern irrespective of the distribution of IgE. In general, FceRII was positive only in the light zone and not in the dark zone of GCs. The distribution of FceRII was different from that of DRC1(+) FDC which were FceRII(+) and FceRII(-). FceRII was seen by immunoelectron microscopy on the cell surface of follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). IgE-positive GCs in Kimuras disease and Warthins tumor were intensely positive for FceRII in their entire portion. In IgE-positive GCs, an increased number of FceRII-positive lymphoid GC cells was recognized by immunoelectron microscopic observation. In follicular lymphoma, there were also two types of FDC which were FceRII(+) and FceRII(-). These findings indicated that FceRII on FDCs was closely related to the IgE immune response and also was a marker for functional phase or differentiation of FDCs.

A pathological and immunohistological case report of fatal infectious mononucleosis, Epstein-Barr virus infection, demonstrated by in situ and Southern blot hybridization

We present an autopsy case of 20-month-old boy who had a fulminant course of infectious mononucleosis, with severe hepatic failure. Autopsy revealed marked infiltration of immunoblasts in the lymph nodes, liver, spleen, thymus and kidneys. We identified a large number of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genomes in the immunoblasts of the lymph nodes, liver and spleen by in situ hybridization. EBV genomes were also detected in the liver and spleen by Southern blot hybridization. Histology of the liver revealed diffuse feathery degeneration of the hepatocytes. However, EBV genomes were not detected in the hepatocytes by in situ hybridization and monoclonal antibody studies. Immunostaining of the autopsy liver specimen revealed a large number of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (Leu2a positive) in the portal areas and of natural killer (NK) cells (Leu7 positive) in the portal areas and sinusoids of the liver. We therefore suggest that the hepatocellular damage was not caused by the viral replication in the hepatocytes but was mainly caused by the abnormal killer cell activity of the suppressor/cytotoxic T cells and NK cells.

Primary Gastric Malignant Lymphoma: A Morphological and Immunohistochemical Study of 38 Cases

Thirty eight cases of primary gastric malignant lymphoma were studied morphologically and immunohistochemically. The Working Formulation was used for classification of non‐Hodgkins lymphoma (1). The results indicated that 37 cases were non‐Hodgkins lymphoma while the remaining case was Hodgkins disease. Thirty‐three cases (89%) of non Hodgkins lymphoma were considered to be of B cell origin and 2 cases (5%) of histiocytic origin. No case was considered to be of T cell origin. We suggest that the majority of primary gastric malignant lymphomas are derived from follicular center cells, and that gastric plas‐macytoma is not as rare as previously described. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 229–234, 1989.

Plasmacytoma of Lymph Node Recurrent Lymphadenopathy Terminating in Plasma Cell Dyscrasia with Polyneuropathy and Endocrine Disturbances

A case with lymphadenopathy of the left side of the neck in a 38‐year‐old male is described. He had a history of several relapses of about 10 years duration. Swollen lymph nodes were histologically similar to those of the hyaline‐vascular type of Castlemans disease, but contained clear‐cut lymph sinus and a sheet‐like proliferation of plasma cells. Lymph follicles showed proliferation and atrophic germinal centers, in which cellular hypertrophy in the wall of ramifying small blood vessels, called angiosclerosis, was frequently encountered. During its progress, the patient developed plasmacytoma of the lymph nodes with varied clinical manifestations such as polyneuropathy, disturbance of gait, unusual perspiration, hirsuitism, gynecomastia, bilateral papilledema, and albumino‐cytologic dissociation in cerebrospinal fluid.

Predominant expression of lambda light chain in adult cases with non‐T‐cell acute lymphocytic and chronic myelogenous leukemia in lymphoid blast crisis

The authors investigated cytoplasmic immunoglobulins of the leukemic cells from 20 adult cases with non‐T‐cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and from three cases with chronic myelogenous leukemia in lymphoid blast crisis using immunoelectron microscopy. They also studied these cases using various monoclonal antibodies. Of the 23 examined cases, nine were negative for both heavy and light chains of immunoglobulins; the authors defined these as common ALL. Two cases were positive for the μ chain but were negative for light chains; the authors defined these as pre‐B‐cell ALL. The remaining 12 cases were positive for either K or λ light chains; these were defined as B‐cell ALL. Of the 12 cases positive for light chains, 11 were positive for the λ chain. Seven cases of the 11 positive cases for the λ chain were negative for heavy chains. Eleven cases were positive either for both My4 and My9 or for one of the two antibodies. From these results, the authors conclude the following: (1) the ratio of pre‐B‐cell ALL among non‐T‐cell ALL cases (two of 23 cases) was lower in adults than in children; (2) of the light chain‐positive cases, the λ light chain‐positive cases predominated (11 of 12 cases); (3) heavy chain‐negative, λ chain‐positive cases (seven cases) were observed; and (4) one half of the leukemia cases showed dual phenotypes of B‐cell and myeloid cell lineages.

A Case of Lymphoma-Type Alpha-Chain Disease

A 69-year-old man with a rare case of lymphoma-type alpha-chain disease was admitted to the hospital with marked cervical and inguinal lymph node swelling. Lymph node biopsy showed marked infiltration of plasma cells, plasmacytoid cells and immunoblastoid cells, alone or in combination. Immunoelectrophoresis and immunoselection identified alpha-chain in the serum and urine. The site of alpha-chain synthesis was extensively studied in the whole body, and the immunoperoxidase technique eventually demonstrated the presence of alpha-chains in the cytoplasm of infiltrating malignant cells in the lymph nodes. No infiltrating malignant cells were found in other organs or tissues, including those of the digestive and respiratory tracts.

Demonstration of intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin in non-T-acute lymphocytic leukemia cases of children with immunoelectron microscopic examination

Leukemic cells from 25 cases of non‐T‐acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in children were investigated for intracellular immunoglobulin by the use of immunoelectron microscopic study (immuno‐EM). As a result, 12 cases were negative for both heavy and light chains of the immunoglobulin in the neoplastic cells. Of these, one case that was also negative for common ALL antigen (CALLA) was defined as null cell type. The remaining 11 cases were defined as common ALL type. Six cases were defined as pre‐B‐cell type because they were positive for cytoplasmic μ chain but negative for cytoplasmic light chains. Seven cases were defined as B‐cell type, all of which possessed λ light chains in the neoplastic cells. Immunohistologic studies using monoclonal antibodies showed that most non‐T‐ALL cases were positive for CALLA and B4, whereas about 50% of them were positive for B1. Our immuno‐EM study suggests that it is one of the effective ways of subclassifying non‐T‐ALL in children.