Nazih A. Noureldin

Selective oxidation of unsaturated alcohols by potassium permanganate adsorbed on solid supports

Abstract Potassium permanganate adsorbed on solid supports can be used to oxidize unsaturated secondary alcohols to the corresponding ketones without degradation of the carbon—carbon double bonds.

MECHANISMS FOR THE OXIDATION OF PARA-SUBSTITUTED BENZYL ALCOHOLS AND BENZYL ETHERS BY PERMANGANATE

Abstract Permanganate, solubilized in methylene chloride with the aid of a phase transfer agent, oxidizes benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde and benzyl ethers to benzoate esters. Although the rate of oxidation of the ether is about an order of magnitude slower than alcohol oxidation, both respond in an identical way to the unique effects caused by introduction of substituents into the ring. In addition, primary kinetic isotope effects are observed for both reactions. Because of these similarities, it is proposed that benzyl alcohols and benzyl ethers are oxidized by similar mechanisms, the difference in rate being ascribed to steric effects.

THE EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURE OXIDATION ON THE CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MALTENES AND ASPHALTENES DERIVED FROM HEAVY OIL

Abstract The chemical changes that occur when the maltene and asphaltene fractions (separated from heavy oil) are subjected to low temperature oxidation (LTO) in the presence and absence of water have been investigated by a combination of classical separation techniques and analytical pyrolysis. In general, it is observed that water has a mitigating effect on the destructive nature of LTO. A detailed analysis of the pyrolytic products suggests that the presence of water reduces the ease with which oxygen reacts with sulfides to give sulfones and thereby supresses the formation of coke. An analysis of the data indicates that most of the coke produced results from LTO of the asphaltenes; only a small portion originates in the maltenes.

THE GASIFICATION OF SASKATCHEWAN LIGNITE

Abstract The products obtained from gasification of Saskatchewan lignite have been identified quantitatively and the amount of energy that would be produced from their combustion has been calculated. The amount of carbon dioxide produced during combustion has also been calculated. On the basis of these results the gasification of one tonne of lignite would produce approximately 2·2 × 105 cubic meters of gaseous products (at STP) which when burned would release 2·3 × 106 kcal (9.6 × 106 kJ) of energy and produce about 0·75 tonne of carbon dioxide.