Neide Kazue Sakugawa Shinohara

Salmonella spp., importante agente patogênico veiculado em alimentos

A ocorrencia de doencas transmitidas por alimentos (DTAs) tem sido foco de discussoes nos ultimos anos, devido a preocupacao mundial com estrategias que permitam seu controle e, consequentemente, garantam a colocacao de produtos seguros no mercado consumidor. A Salmonella spp. e um dos microrganismos mais amplamente distribuidos na natureza, sendo o homem e os animais seus principais reservatorios naturais, com ocorrencia de sorotipos regionais, reconhecidos como salmoneloses, e considerado como um dos principais agentes envolvidos em surtos de origem alimentar em paises desenvolvidos. O aumento da incidencia da salmonelose provocada por alimentos contaminados demonstra que, na atualidade, apesar dos avancos tecnologicos alcancados, este problema ainda ocorre mundialmente. As aves e bovinos sao responsaveis pela maior disseminacao desse agente patogenico. A ampla distribuicao da Salmonella spp. entre os animais, a existencia de portadores assintomaticos e sua permanencia no ambiente e nos alimentos contribuem para que este microrganismo assuma um papel de grande relevância na saude publica mundial e, portanto, programas permanentes de controle e erradicacao devem ser adotados.The occurrence of foodborne diseases has been a matter of discussion over the last years due to the worldwide concern with strategies for their control and for ensuring that safe food products reach the consumer. Salmonella spp. is among the most widespread microorganisms in nature, having man and animals as main natural reservoirs. With occurrence of regional serotypes causing salmonellosis, this pathogen is considered one of the main agents responsible for outbreaks of foodborne disease in the developing countries. The increasing incidence of salmonellosis caused by contaminated food has shown that, despite the recent technological improvements, this problem still occurs in all countries. Cattle and poultry are the main responsible for the transmission of this pathogenic agent. Due to its wide distribution in animals, the existence of asymptomatic carriers and its presence in foodstuff and in the environment Salmonella spp. represents a significant public health problem worldwide calling for permanent control programs and eradication strategies.

Avaliação microbiológica da água de consumo empregada em unidades de alimentação

A agua de consumo humano e o principal veiculo de transmissao de patogenos capazes de causar infeccoes gastrointestinais, sendo vital o seu controle microbiologico. O presente trabalho teve a finalidade de avaliar a qualidade bacteriologica da agua para o consumo humano, quanto a presenca de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, em diferentes unidades de alimentacao na cidade do Recife (PE), conforme os padroes de potabilidade estabelecidos pela Portaria no 518 de 2004 do Ministerio da Saude/ANVISA. Foram coletadas quarenta amostras de agua em unidades de alimentacao, localizadas no entorno da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco e da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. Foram realizados os testes bacteriologicos para pesquisa de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, conforme o protocolo do APHA (1995). Das amostras analisadas, 62,5% apresentaram coliformes totais e 42,5%, coliformes termotolerantes. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, 62,5% das amostras nao estao em conformidade com a legislacao vigente.

Seasonal changes of water quality in a tropical shallow and eutrophic reservoir in the metropolitan region of Recife (Pernambuco-Brazil)

This study investigated the water quality in an urban eutrophic reservoir in Northeastern Brazil, considering the influence of seasonality. Monthly, samples were collected in the sub-surface reservoir. The following abiotic variables were analyzed: temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, apparent color, turbidity, conductivity, fluoride, total nitrogen, chlorides, total dissolved solids, total hardness, iron, copper, manganese, aluminum, chlorophyll-a and phaeophytin. Total and thermotolerant coliforms were analyzed according to APHA (2012). Cyanobacteria density was quantified through its biomass. The data were analyzed using one- way ANOVA and Pearson correlation test. Higher values mean phytoplankton biomass (26.3mm3.L-1) occurred in the dry season, especially Planktothrix agardhii and Geiterinema amphibium, which occurred in 100% of samples. High trophic state index was detected throughout the year. Seasonality exerted some influence on both biotic and abiotc variables, leading to changes in water quality of the reservoir.

Controle bacteriológico de carne caprina para elaboração de hambúrguer caprino defumado

In order to obtain a safe goat smoked hamburger, bacteriological analysis of the raw material was performed before and after sanitation. Meat was sprayed with a solution of organic acids containing 2% acetic acid, 1% lactic acid, 0.25% citric acid and 0.1% ascorbic acid and, after that, stored under refrigeration. Bacteriological analysis was carried out on days 0, 7 and 14 after goat smoked hamburger processing. In meat, on day 0, the fecal coliform count was above legal limits, but on day 7 after sanitation this parameter was these limits. In the final product, all the results of the bacteriological parameters were according to the sanitary-hygienic standards.

Effectiveness of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts detection and enumeration methods in water and milk samples

Avaliou-se a recuperacao de oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. em amostras de agua e leite. As amostras foram contaminadas experimentalmente com uma suspensao de 1,2×107 oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. e concentradas por centrifugo-flutuacao para comparacao entre diferentes substâncias (sacarose, NaCl, MgSO4, ZnSO4, AlSO4, NH4SO4 40% e NH4SO4 80%). A centrifugacao das amostras foi realizada em duas etapas para concentracao utilizando-se dois metodos, diferentes pela ordem do uso das solucoes saturadas no procedimento, na primeira etapa de concentracao do metodo I, e na segunda etapa, do metodo II. A identificacao do oocisto foi realizada mediante as tecnicas de coloracao histoquimica Kinyoun e Koster modificado. O grau de recuperacao de oocistos foi 10,9% com NaCl e 42,5% com MgSO4 nas amostras de agua e leite, respectivamente (metodo I), e de 10,6% com NaCl e 5,3% com sacarose nas amostras de agua e leite, respectivamente (metodo II). Os metodos de coloracao histoquimica nao influenciaram nos resultados. A eficacia dos metodos de recuperacao de oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. depende da natureza e composicao da amostra e da metodologia usada para a concentracao dos oocistos na amostra.

Manufacture of Biquara (Haemulon Plumierii - Lacepède, 1801) Fishburger with Addition of Wheat Bran

ABSTRACT Biquara is one of the main fish species caught in the northeast coast of Brazil but presents low commercial value. Therefore, the elaboration of biquara-based products with the addition of plant bran as a source of dietary fiber should be studied as a way to add value to biquara. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory aspects of fishburgers made with biquara fillet with the addition of wheat bran (WB) (0, 1, 2, and 3%). The increase in WB decreased moisture and increased protein levels, ash, fiber, carbohydrates, and energy value. In addition, the inclusion of WB increased the cooking shrinkage and decreased hardness and cohesiveness of the samples. The fishburgers with the greatest WB levels presented a reddish-yellow hue. The microbial counts of the products were below the maximum limit allowed by the Brazilian legislation. The overall acceptance of the fishburgers improved with the addition of 0 to 2% WB. Therefore, the biquara fillets have a potential for the elaboration of fishburgers with the addition of 2% WB, once the products presented suitable physicochemical composition, sensory acceptance, and hygienic sanitary control according to the current national legislation.

Relação Fitoplâncton - Zooplâncton em Ambiente Oligotrófico(Fitoplankton-Zooplankton Relationship in Oligotrophic Environment)

Ecossistemas lenticos de pequeno porte respondem rapidamente as condicoes ambientais, influenciando a comunidade planctonica devido as flutuacoes bioticas e abioticas do corpo d’agua. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar os parâmetros fisico-quimicos e a identificacao da comunidade planctonica (fitoplâncton, zooplâncton e bacterioplâncton) presentes no reservatorio, correlacionando esses organismos em um ambiente oligotrofico. As analises foram realizadas mensalmente no periodo de julho/2014 a junho/2016. A analise de todos os parâmetros fisico-quimicos e biologicos foi realizados de acordo com metodologia oficial. Empregou-se ferramentas estatisticas multivariadas (ACP) e teste de Pearson para avaliar a correlacao entre as variaveis abioticas e a biomassa total de cada grupo planctonico. Nesta pesquisa encontrou-se uma relacao positiva entre as biomassas totais da comunidade zooplânctonica e fitoplânctonica, entretanto componentes do bacterioplancton, nao foi significativo. Estes resultados indicaram que a predacao e/ou competicao nao sao relacoes ecologicas significativas entre as especies zooplanctonicas e fitoplanctonicas presentes neste ecossistema oligotrofico, existindo assim uma relacao favoravel entre os grupos estudados. Desta forma, o desenvolvimento desses organismos foi influenciado pelas mesmas variaveis abioticas (manganes, dureza e temperatura), atuando de forma direta no estabelecimento de suas biomassas. A B S T R A C T Small lentic ecosystems respond rapidly to environmental conditions, influencing the planktonic community due to the biotic and abiotic fluctuations of the water body. This study aimed to analyze the physicochemical parameters and identification of the planktonic community (phytoplankton, zooplankton, and bacterioplankton) present in the reservoir, correlating these organisms in an oligotrophic environment. The analyses were performed monthly from July/2014 to June/2016. The analysis of all physicochemical and biological parameters was carried out according to the conventional methodology. Multivariate statistical tools (PCA) and Pearsons test were used to evaluate the correlation between the abiotic variables and the total biomass of each planktonic group. In this research was found a positive relation between the total biomasses of the zooplanktonic community and phytoplanktonic. However, components of bacterioplankton were not significant. These results indicate that predation and competition are not significant ecological relationships between zooplanktonic and phytoplanktonic species present in this oligotrophic ecosystem, and there is a favorable relationship between the studied groups. In this way, the development of these organisms was influenced by the same abiotic variables (manganese, hardness, and temperature), acting directly in the establishment of their biomasses. Keywords : plankton, reservoir, abiotic factors.