Newton Alex Mayer

Reação de clones de umezeiro (Prunus mume sieb. et zucc.) e cultivares de pessegueiro a Meloidogyne javanica (treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949

A wide science project on the use of the japanese apricot as rootstock for peach tree is being developed at Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias - UNESP, Jaboticabal Campus, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, due, especially, to the promising characteristics for using as canopy vigor reducer and its good fruit quality. Some works in the literature mention the japanese apricot as resistant to the root-knot nematodes, however the information are still scanty. The objective of this work was to study the reaction of japanese apricot clones and peach tree cultivars to Meloidogyne javanica. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions. There were 6 treatments (the japanese apricot clones 05, 10 and 15; and Okinawa, Aurora-1 and Dourado-1 peach tree cultivars) and 9 replications. The plants were maintained in ceramic boxes containing a soil-sand mixture (1:1, v/v), previously autoclaved at 121oC and 1kgf.cm-2 for 2 hours. On the sixtyth day after planting, each plant was inoculated with 3.000 eggs and second stage juvenile of Meloidogyne javanica. A hundred days after inoculation the plants were harvested for evaluation of root fresh matter mass, root gall, egg and juvenile number in a 10 g sample, egg and juvenile number for the whole radicular system and reproduction factor (RF). It was verified that all the japanese apricot clones and peach tree cultivars were resistant to Meloidogyne javanica.

Efeito do comprimento de estacas herbáceas de dois clones de umezeiro (Prunus mume Sieb & Zucc.) no enraizamento adventício

The japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb & Zucc.) is a Rosaceae of falling leaves, native of China, whose fruits and flowers are quite appreciated by the oriental people. In Brazil, some studies were accomplished seeking its use as rootstock for peach and nectarine trees, due its adaptation characteristics, rusticity, reduction of the plant load and compatibility with some cultivars of Prunus persica. The present study were carried out under intermitent mist inside a lathhouse, belonging to the Vegetal Department of the Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias (FCAV/UNESP), Campus of Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo State. The objective of this study was to verify the influence of four lengths of herbaceous cuttings in the rooting of two japanese apricot clones. The vegetable material, identified as Clone 10 and Clone 15, was originating from the Genetic Improvement Program of the Instituto Agronomico de Campinas, SP. The experiment was constituted by a 2 x 4 fatorial in randomized blocks, having the factor clone 2 levels (Clone 10 and Clone 15) and the factor cuttings length 4 levels (12, 15, 18 and 25cm). For the observed results, differences was only verified among the clones in the sprouted cutting percentage and number of roots for cutting. The rooting percentage and the mortality of the cuttings were influenced by the cutting lenght, meanwhile, larger cuttings tended to present higher rooting and smaller mortality percentages. The cuttings with 12cm, although presenting few roots number for cutting, they are recommended for allow the obtention of a higher number of cuttings for main plant. There was significant effect of the interaction between the factors for number and length of roots.

Enraizamento de estacas herbáceas de quatro clones de umezeiro (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) durante o inverno ameno, em Jaboticabal-SP

Studies developed in Brazil with the mume (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) have shown promising perspectives of using this species as rootstock for peach and nectarine trees, in function of its rusticity, adaptation to soft winter, compatibility with Prunus persica, plant vigor reduction and improvement of the fruit quality. However, due to seed propagation, vigor differences have been observed among plants, resulting in very heterogeneous orchards. Thus, the present study had the objective of studying the rooting of herbaceous cuttings of four mume clones (Clones 02, 05, 10 and 15) in intermittent mist during the soft winter, in Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The experiment was carried out between June and August, being evaluated 70 days after the cutting. From the obtained results, it was possible to conclude that the propagation of the clones studied is viable through the rooting herbaceous cuttings during the winter. Differences were observed among the clones with relationship to rooting percentage, callus percentage, root number and length. Grouping all the analyzed variables the best results were obtained with the Clones 10 and 15.