Jair Costa Nachtigal

Processamento mínimo de uvas de mesa sem semente

ABSTRACT - This work evaluated the qualitative aspects of apirenic table grapes (seedless), cv. BRS Morena and Selection 8, when minimallyprocessed and cold stored. Fruits were immersed in a solution of sodium hypochlorite (300 mg Cl.L -1 ) for 5 min. and stored at 12oC for 12 hours. Trainedpersonnel using adequate protection and disinfected equipment, removed the berries and rinsed them with chlorinated water (20 m g.L -1 ). Berries werepackaged in transparent polyethylene terephthalate containers and stored at 2.5 ± 1oC, and 88% RH for 36 days. The loss of fres h mass, developmentof appearance and color, and contents of total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidy (TA) were done. Products of ‘BRS Moren a’ and Selection 8showed low percentage of accumulated loss of fresh mass (0.16 %). The berries of cultivar BRS Morena were darker ( L = 25.04) and purpler colored ( h o = 332.88) than the Selection 8 ( L = 29.86 and h o = 345.11), bringing a product with better visual quality. Juice of ´BRS Morena` had high content of TSS(22.17 °Brix) and low of TA (0.56 %), that resulted in a ratio (39.76) better and bigger than the Selection 8 (18.81). Products from cv. BRS Morenapresented good appearance and commercial quality for 33 days at 2.5

Século XXI: nova cultivar de goiabeira de dupla finalidade

The guava tree (Psidium guajava, L.) is a species that is coming into being of great importance in several areas of Brazil, mainly in State of Sao Paulo, its biggest national producer. Since 1985, the UNESP/FCAV, Jaboticabal Campus comes developing a program of breeding of guava tree, with the objective of obtaining plants with good agronomic characteristics and fruits that can be destined for industrialization and consumption as fresh fruit. From 219 plants originating from several crossing, and after ten years of evaluation, it has been obtained the XXI Century cultivar, which main characteristics are: a very productive plant with precocious cycle (130 days from the blossom to the harvest), big fruits with thick pulp, rosy-red, great flavor and with little and small seeds.

Efeito do comprimento de estacas herbáceas de dois clones de umezeiro (Prunus mume Sieb & Zucc.) no enraizamento adventício

The japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb & Zucc.) is a Rosaceae of falling leaves, native of China, whose fruits and flowers are quite appreciated by the oriental people. In Brazil, some studies were accomplished seeking its use as rootstock for peach and nectarine trees, due its adaptation characteristics, rusticity, reduction of the plant load and compatibility with some cultivars of Prunus persica. The present study were carried out under intermitent mist inside a lathhouse, belonging to the Vegetal Department of the Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias (FCAV/UNESP), Campus of Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo State. The objective of this study was to verify the influence of four lengths of herbaceous cuttings in the rooting of two japanese apricot clones. The vegetable material, identified as Clone 10 and Clone 15, was originating from the Genetic Improvement Program of the Instituto Agronomico de Campinas, SP. The experiment was constituted by a 2 x 4 fatorial in randomized blocks, having the factor clone 2 levels (Clone 10 and Clone 15) and the factor cuttings length 4 levels (12, 15, 18 and 25cm). For the observed results, differences was only verified among the clones in the sprouted cutting percentage and number of roots for cutting. The rooting percentage and the mortality of the cuttings were influenced by the cutting lenght, meanwhile, larger cuttings tended to present higher rooting and smaller mortality percentages. The cuttings with 12cm, although presenting few roots number for cutting, they are recommended for allow the obtention of a higher number of cuttings for main plant. There was significant effect of the interaction between the factors for number and length of roots.

Efeito da temperatura no armazenamento de uvas apirênicas minimamente processadas

The objective of this research was to evaluate the postharvest quality of three apirenic (seedless) table grapes cultivars submitted to minimally processed and stored under refrigeration and room temperature. It was used the cultivars BRS Clara, BRS Linda and BRS Morena produced at Embrapa Grapes and Wine/Tropical Viticulture of Experimental Station, in Jales, state of Sao Paulo. The clusters were immersed in a solution of sodium hypochlorite (200 mg Cl.L-1) for 5 minutes before being stored at 12oC for 12 hours. The berries were removed and rinsed with alcohol solution (70%) per 5 seconds. After drained the water excess, the berries were conditioned in 500 mL capacity trays of transparent tereftalato of polyethylene (PET) with lid. Each unit with 200 g of berries was stored at 12±1.8oC and 24±0.8oC during 12 days. Every three days, the loss of weight, appearance, color, soluble solids (SS) and titratable acidity (TA) were evaluated. The temperature of 12oC kept the turgidity, the color, the ratio SS:TA and the marketing conditions of the berries from the three cultivars tested after nine days of evaluations. The berries stored at room temperature (24oC), loss the commercial quality at the third day for BRS Clara and BRS Linda cultivars and at the sixth day for the BRS Morena cultivar.

Efeito de reguladores de crescimento em uva apirênica, cv. BRS Clara

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of gibberellic acid (AG3), thidiazuron (TDZ) and forchlorfenuron (CPPU) on the size of bunches and berries and on the total soluble solids content, when applied in different concentrations on the seedless grapes, cv. BRS Clara. The grapevines were grafted on the rootstock IAC 572, trained in the pergola system and, spaced 2.5 x 2.0m and irrigated by micro sprinklers. The experiments were carried out at the Embrapa Grape and Wine Experimental Station for Tropical Viticulture in Jales, SP. The bunches were directly sprayed with the plant growth regulators, either individually or combined, in concentrations from 0 to 4mg.L-1 of CPPU; 0 to 10mg.L-1of TDZ and 0 to 90mg.L-1 of AG3. Generally, the application of growth regulators improved the quality of the bunches of the cv. BRS Clara; the use of TDZ and CPPU, combined with AG3, produce a synergistic effect, causing a better response than the isolated use of AG3; the treatments with 60mg.L-1 of AG3, 20mg.L-1 of AG3 + 4mg.L-1 of CPPU and 10mg.L-1 of AG3 + 5mg.L-1 of TDZ provide the best results for increase in the berries diameter; the application of AG3 before flowering cause excessive abortion which reduced the commercial value of the bunches. High concentrations of plant growth regulators decrease the content of total soluble solids.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of gibberellic acid (AG3), thidiazuron (TDZ) and forchlorfenuron (CPPU) on the size of bunches and berries and on the total soluble solids content, when applied in different concentrations on the seedless grapes, cv. BRS Clara. The grapevines were grafted on the rootstock IAC 572, trained in the pergola system and, spaced 2.5 x 2.0m and irrigated by micro sprinklers. The experiments were carried out at the Embrapa Grape and Wine Experimental Station for Tropical Viticulture in Jales, SP. The bunches were directly sprayed with the plant growth regulators, either individually or combined, in concentrations from 0 to 4mg.L-1 of CPPU; 0 to 10mg.L-1of TDZ and 0 to 90mg.L-1 of AG3. Generally, the application of growth regulators improved the quality of the bunches of the cv. BRS Clara; the use of TDZ and CPPU, combined with AG3, produce a synergistic effect, causing a better response than the isolated use of AG3; the treatments with 60mg.L-1 of AG3, 20mg.L -1 of AG3 + 4mg.L -1 of CPPU and 10mg.L-1 of AG3 + 5mg.L -1 of TDZ provide the best results for increase in the berries diameter; the application of AG3 before flowering cause excessive abortion which reduced the commercial value of the bunches. High concentrations of plant growth regulators decrease the content of total soluble solids.

Efeitos de doses e formas de aplicação de reguladores de crescimento em uvas sem sementes, cv. BRS Clara, em região tropical

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do uso dos reguladores vegetais, acido giberelico e tidiazuron, no tamanho de bagas da cultivar BRS Clara em Regiao Tropical. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em 2006 e 2007, na Estacao Experimental de Viticultura Tropical, em Jales-SP, regiao noroeste do Estado de Sao Paulo, em plantas da cv. BRS Clara. Foram testadas diferentes concentracoes de GA3 aplicadas isoladamente, combinadas com Crop Set ou tidiazuron, em aplicacoes unicas ou sequenciais (2 e 4 vezes). As avaliacoes foram feitas por ocasiao da maturacao das uvas, considerando-se a massa fresca dos cachos, dos engacos e das bagas, determinadas por meio de balanca analitica; o comprimento e o diâmetro medio das bagas, utilizando-se de paquimetro; e o teor de solidos soluveis (SS), por meio de refratometro manual. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, representados por uma planta, com 15 repeticoes, no ano de 2006, e 10 repeticoes, no ano de 2007. Os dados foram submetidos a analise de variância e, para a comparacao das medias dos tratamentos, foi utilizado o teste Skott Nott, ao nivel de 5% de probabilidade. Observou-se que o uso dos reguladores promoveu o crescimento das bagas na cultivar BRS Clara em todos os tratamentos, diferindo da testemunha.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the use of plant growth regulators, gibberellic acid and thidiazuron about the size of the berries BRS Clara in Tropical Region. The experiments were conducted in 2006 and 2007, in the Experimental Station of Tropical Viticulture in Jales, SP, northwestern state of Sao Paulo. Were tested different concentrations of GA3 applied in isolation, combined with Crop set and thidiazuron, in single or sequential applications (2 and 4 times). The assessments were made during the ripening of the grapes, considering the masses of fresh bunch of rachis and berry, determined by analytical balance, the average length and diameter of the berries, using caliper and the content of soluble solids (TSS), through manual refractometer. The experiments were conducted on experimental design in randomized blocks, represented by a plant, with 15 repetitions in 2006 and 10 repetitions in the year 2007. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and for comparison of the average number of treatments, was used to test Skott Nott at the level of 5% probability. It was observed that the use of plant growth regulators promoted the growth of berries in BRS Clara, with all treatments differing of the control.

DENSIDADE DE PLANTIO E PRODUÇÃO DO MARACUJAZEIRO-AZEDO NO SUL DO BRASIL

The aim was to evaluate the effects of different planting densities of passion fruit on fruit yield and quality in the region of Pelotas/Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil. The experiment was carried out during the 2011/2012 vegetative period only with plants of one year, and during the 2012/2013 vegetative period both plants of one and two years were evaluated. The treatments have been established according to the following planting densities (plants ha-1): 1.600 (D1); 2.666 (D2); 3.200 (D3). ). In the D3 treatment, the plants of two years have been thinned in the 2012/2013 period, remaining 1.600 plants. Independently of the period, the treatment with higher planting density, i.e. 3.200 plants ha-1 and plants of one year, showed better yield. Two years old plants showed no difference in yield as well as in the number of fruits ha-1 between the planting densities, and the fruit quality had been influenced neither by planting densities nor by the vegetative period.

Stabilization of guava nectar with hydrocolloids and pectinases

The aim of this study was to stabilize guava nectar using hydrocolloids and/or enzymes, and evaluate the stability and the bioactive compounds content during storage. In general, there was a decrease in pH and an increase in titratable acidity and soluble solids of the nectars. During storage, it was observed that nectars with pectinase showed decrease in pH, increase in titratable acidity and soluble solids, and also less phase separation, standing out among them the nectar with enzyme and guar gum. The nectar formulated with xanthan showed the highest antioxidant capacity. All nectars showed slight decrease in the carotenoid content and high losses of vitamin C during the storage period.

ADVANCES IN GUAVA PROPAGATION

The aim of this study was to obtain extracts from soursop pulp that were obtained with different solvents (chloroform, methanol, ethyl acetate and water) and different extraction methods (soxhlet, sonication and microwave), and analysed their extractable polyphenol content, antioxidant capacity and qualitative presence of acetogenins. The most efficient extraction method to obtain extractable polyphenols with high values of scavenging capacity by DPPH was sonication followed by microwave when methanol was used. The acetogenins were detected only in chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts obtained by the three extraction methods. Sonication or microwave was effective to obtain acetogenins or phenolic extracts in greater quantity than reported in soursop pulp, in a short time and few solvent.Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, FCAV, Vegetable Prod Dept, Jaboticabal Campus, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil

AVANÇOS NA PROPAGAÇÃO DA GOIABEIRA

The aim of this study was to obtain extracts from soursop pulp that were obtained with different solvents (chloroform, methanol, ethyl acetate and water) and different extraction methods (soxhlet, sonication and microwave), and analysed their extractable polyphenol content, antioxidant capacity and qualitative presence of acetogenins. The most efficient extraction method to obtain extractable polyphenols with high values of scavenging capacity by DPPH was sonication followed by microwave when methanol was used. The acetogenins were detected only in chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts obtained by the three extraction methods. Sonication or microwave was effective to obtain acetogenins or phenolic extracts in greater quantity than reported in soursop pulp, in a short time and few solvent.Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, FCAV, Vegetable Prod Dept, Jaboticabal Campus, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil