Nicolas Dauman

A Review of Hyperacusis and Future Directions: Part I. Definitions and Manifestations

PURPOSE Hyperacusis can be extremely debilitating, and at present, there is no cure. We provide an overview of the field, and possible related areas, in the hope of facilitating future research. METHOD We review and reference literature on hyperacusis and related areas. We have divided the review into 2 articles. In Part I, we discuss definitions, epidemiology, different etiologies and subgroups, and how hyperacusis affects people. In Part II, we review measurements, models, mechanisms, and treatments, and we finish with some suggestions for further research. RESULTS Hyperacusis encompasses a wide range of reactions to sound, which can be grouped into the categories of excessive loudness, annoyance, fear, and pain. Many different causes have been proposed, and it will be important to appreciate and quantify different subgroups. Reasonable approaches to assessing the different forms of hyperacusis are emerging, including psychoacoustical measures, questionnaires, and brain imaging. CONCLUSIONS Hyperacusis can make life difficult for many, forcing sufferers to dramatically alter their work and social habits. We believe this is an opportune time to explore approaches to better understand and treat hyperacusis.

A Review of Hyperacusis and Future Directions: Part II. Measurement, Mechanisms, and Treatment

PURPOSE Hyperacusis can be extremely debilitating, and at present, there is no cure. In this detailed review of the field, we consolidate present knowledge in the hope of facilitating future research. METHOD We review and reference the literature on hyperacusis and related areas. This is the 2nd of a 2-part review. RESULTS Hyperacusis encompasses a wide range of reactions to sounds, which can be grouped into the categories of excessive loudness, annoyance, fear, and pain. Reasonable approaches to assessing the different forms of hyperacusis are emerging, including brain-imaging studies. Researchers are only beginning to understand the many mechanisms at play, and valid animal models are still evolving. There are many counseling and sound-therapy approaches that some patients find helpful, but well-controlled studies are needed to measure their long-term efficacy and to test new approaches. CONCLUSIONS Hyperacusis can make life difficult in this increasingly noisy world, forcing sufferers to dramatically alter their work and social habits. We believe this is an opportune time to explore approaches to better understand and treat hyperacusis.

Learning from tinnitus patients' narratives—A case study in the psychodynamic approach

Tinnitus is assumed to be the perception of sound that results exclusively from activity within the nervous system without any external stimulation. Approximately 1–2% of the population regard their tinnitus as a serious threat towards their quality of life. The way the patients describe their suffering varies, sometimes also depending on the interest and insight of the clinician to whom they turn to for help. The lack of insightful narratives of someone who is severely annoyed by the presence of a constant tinnitus sound may lead to limited and biased models of tinnitus suffering. In the present case study the participating patient, a woman aged 70, shared her experience of being victimized by tinnitus with the clinician/researcher during a number of psychotherapeutic sessions. The psychodynamic, narrative approach, made it possible for the client to articulate the unique and specific meaning that she experienced as being part of her suffering. In her words, tinnitus became a tolerable symptom that she managed to work through within psychotherapeutic alliance.Tinnitus is assumed to be the perception of sound that results exclusively from activity within the nervous system without any external stimulation. Approximately 1-2% of the population regard their tinnitus as a serious threat towards their quality of life. The way the patients describe their suffering varies, sometimes also depending on the interest and insight of the clinician to whom they turn to for help. The lack of insightful narratives of someone who is severely annoyed by the presence of a constant tinnitus sound may lead to limited and biased models of tinnitus suffering. In the present case study the participating patient, a woman aged 70, shared her experience of being victimized by tinnitus with the clinician/researcher during a number of psychotherapeutic sessions. The psychodynamic, narrative approach, made it possible for the client to articulate the unique and specific meaning that she experienced as being part of her suffering. In her words, tinnitus became a tolerable symptom that she managed to work through within psychotherapeutic alliance.