Nicolás Pérez Hidalgo

Molecular phylogeny of Iberian Fordini (Aphididae: Eriosomatinae): implications for the taxonomy of genera Forda and Paracletus.

Abstract Mediterranean representatives of the galling aphid tribe Fordini (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Eriosomatinae) are usually grouped under the subtribe term Fordina. Aphids within Fordina display two‐year life cycles, alternating between Pistacia shrubs, where they induce conspicuous galls, and roots of Poaceae species. The high number of morphs present in a given species, the lack of knowledge of the complete cycle in some species, and the similarity between homologous morphs observed in different species pose many taxonomic problems in this group. We present results of a survey to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among Fordini species present in the Iberian Peninsula and the Canary Islands. Sequences from the nuclear long‐wavelength opsin (LWO) and translation elongation factor 1α (EF‐1α) genes and from a region of the mitochondrial DNA containing the genes encoding the subunits six and eight of the F‐ATPase were used to infer relationships among 10 Fordina species, namely Smynthurodes betae, Aploneura lentisci, Baizongia pistaciae, two Geoica species (G. utricularia and G. setulosa), three species of Forda and two of Paracletus. Relationships between and within representatives of the genera Forda and Paracletus, both exemplifying taxonomic and ecological problems, were investigated in greater depth through extensive sampling and morphometric analysis. A total of eight, six and six samples from F. formicaria, F. marginata and F. riccobonii, respectively, were included in the survey, along with 40 and 4 samples classified initially as P. cimiciformis and P. donisthorpei, respectively. Our results are relevant to current studies on the evolution of host selection by aphids and on the evolution of gall morphology. Our phylogeny suggests that the group can be divided into two main clades. One clade is composed of aphids inducing small, low‐capacity galls on either P. atlantica or P. terebinthus (Smynthurodes betae and genera Forda and Paracletus). The second clade is composed of species inducing larger galls on P. lentiscus and P. terebinthus (Aploneura lentisci, Baizongia pistaciae and Geoica species). Our results suggest that revision of diagnostic characters used in the taxonomy of Paracletus is needed, and suggest Forda rotunda as a new synonym of Paracletus cimiciformissyn.n.

Six alien aphid species (Hemiptera: Aphididae) recorded for the first time from South America

Abstract Six aphid species: Saltusaphis scirpus Theobald, Myzocallis boerneri Stroyan, Macrosiphoniella absinthii (Linnaeus), Macrocrosiphoniella abrotani (Walker), Macrosiphoniella pseudoartemisiae Shinji and Macrosiphoniella tapuskae (Hottes & Frison) are recorded for the first time in South America. They were all collected in Argentina. Comments for each species and identification keys for Myzocallidina and Macrosiphoniella known in South America are given.

A new species of Aphis (Hemiptera: Aphididae) living on roots of Thymus mastichina (Lamiaceae) from Spain

Abstract Apterous females (fundatrices and fundatrigeniae), alatae females, oviparous females and males of Aphis mastichinae nov. sp. from Thymus mastichina (Lamiaceae) are described. It is the only known species of the genus Aphis which is radicicolous on Lamiaceae. It is mainly characterized by the short siphunculi, large and numerous abdominal marginal papillae and short setae. A key for the Aphis species living on Thymus species is given.

Three new Asiatic species of Hyadaphis (Hemiptera, Aphididae)

Three new species of Hyadaphis Kirkaldy, 1904 (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Macrosiphini) are established: Hyadaphis levantina sp. n. from specimens caught on Lonicera nummulariifolia from Lebanon and Israel, and Hyadaphis anethi sp. n. plus Hyadaphis parva sp. n. from specimens respectively caught on Anethum sp. and Andrachne (?) cordifolia from Pakistan. Apterous viviparous females of all three species, alate viviparae of the first two and males of H. anethi are described. Known and new species of Hyadaphis are grouped for two relevant characters: (1) size and shape of siphunculi, and (2) host plant and life cycle; and the discriminant features of apterous viviparous females of the new species are compared with the already described species of the same group and a key for the Hyadaphis species is provided.

Interacción de la red áfido-parasitoide-hormiga en plantas asociadas a un cultivo ecológico de cítricos

Fallas Henriquez, A., Molina-Murillo, S. 2017. Methodological proposal to quantify and to compensate the agroecosystem services generated by the good agricultural practices of small-farmers. Ecosistemas 26(3): 89-102. Doi.: 10.7818/ECOS.2017.26-3.11 A diversified and less intensive management of agricultural systems produces agroecosystem services that are often not estimated nor compensated in developing countries. The main objective of this study was to create a tool that allows quantification of agroecosystemic services (SAgro) generated in agroforestry peasant farms, and additionally estimate compensation values. Following an initial test in 2013 on 10 farms, an important bibliographical review was carried out, the consultation of experts, and the evaluation in 2015 of 50 farms at the national level, most of them members of the National Agroforestry Union (UNAFOR) of Costa Rica. As a result, a tool was developed to measure in an agile, flexible and economical way the ecosystem services generated by good agricultural practices produced by small producers (peasants) both for their agricultural system as well as the forest system. We also found that the size of farms is not necessarily the determining factor for the production of agroecosystem services, but rather the type of management practices and investments made. In this process, it was estimated that with an average compensation of US

Description of the sexuales of Myzodium modestum (Hottes) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) discovered in the Swiss Alps

271.6 per agricultural hectare per year, the production or maintenance of agroecosystem services could be encouraged through good agricultural practices.

Hemiptera, Aphididae III

The sexuales (apterous oviparous female and alate male) of Myzodium modestum (Hottes) are described for the first time from specimens captured in the Swiss Alps. This is also the first record of this species in Switzerland. This is the first evidence that an aphid may be able to complete its life cycle on mosses.