Nieves Rojo

Openness to Experience and Depression* * The original data upon which this paper is based are available at www.hhpub.com/journals/ejpa

Summary: The present study examines, in the context of the Five Factor Model, the contradictory role played by the Openness to Fantasy and Openness to Actions facets (of the Openness to Experience ...

Women and Vulnerability to Depression: Some Personality and Clinical Factors.

The purpose of this study is to explore the role of sex differences and personality in vulnerability to depression. Sex differences in personality and some clinical variables are described. We also assess the value of the variables that revealed significant sex differences as predictors of vulnerability to depression. In a group of adult participants (N = 112), 50% males and 50% females (mean age = 41.30; SD = 15.09; range 17-67), we studied sex differences in the three-factor personality model, using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Form A (EPQ-A; Eysenck & Eysenck, 1975), and in the Five-Factor Personality Model, with the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI; Costa & McCrae, 1985). The following clinical scales were used: the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emery, 1979), the Schizotypy Questionnaire (STQ; Claridge & Broks, 1984; Spanish version, Carrillo & Rojo, 1999), the THARL Scales (Dua, 1989, 1990; Spanish version, Dua & Carrillo, 1994) and the Adjustment Inventory (Bell, 1937; Spanish version, Cerdá, 1980). Subsequently, simple linear regression analysis, with BDI scores as criterion, were performed to estimate the value of the variables as predictors of vulnerability to depression. The results indicate that a series of personality variables cause women to be more vulnerable to depression than men and that these variables could be explained by a negative emotion main factor. Results are discussed within the framework of the psychological behaviorism theory of depression.

Vulnerable Personality in Depression: Investigating Commonality in the Search for Unification

The present paper examines three models of personality and behavior - the dispositional approach, represented by the CEP questionnaire (Pinillos), the adjustment approach (represented by the Bell questionnaire) and the behavioral approach (represented by the PES scale of MacPhyllamy and Lewinsohn) - with respect to the prediction of depression. The specific results show that variables from the first two are good predictors of depression and that the PES scale from the behavioral approach is a weaker predictor. Second, the position is taken that there are unrecognized relationships among different psychological tests and the present study investigates such relationships among the three scales as they are used in the prediction of depression. The relationships found are analyzed in a unifying theory that calls for additional studies of the interrelationships of tests in prediction for the purpose of organizing the fields excessive diversity in tests and theories and of elaborating the theory.