Nilton Tadeu Vilela Junqueira

INFLUÊNCIA DE DIVERSOS SUBSTRATOS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MUDAS DE MARACUJAZEIRO AZEDO (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa DEG)

With the purpose of evaluating the influence of substrate on the development of yellow passion fruit, an experiment in a greenhouse at Embrapa Cerrados Station has been conducted. The experimental design was a randomized block in a factorial scheme 2 x 4 x 3 x 2, totalizing 48 treatments, 18 useful plants by plot and four replications. The treatments had consisted of combinations of: two commercial substrate (PlantmaxR ¾ to the base of VermiculiteR plus pines bark and VermiculiteR ¾ to the base of VermiculiteR); three organic sources ¾ f.o. (humus, cows manure and NutriplantaR (product base of bacteria) and absence of f.o., in the ratio of 3:1 of the basic substrate for f.o.; two formulated fertilizers [OsmocoteR as 14-14-14 (product of slow release of nutrients) and 4-14-8, of normal release], besides the absence of fertilizer and, absence and presence of Glomus etunicatum. The artificial substrate PlantmaxR was upper than the VermiculiteR in all the analyzed features. Among the f.o., the NutriplantaR with cows manure had provided the best performance. The OsmocoteR promoted the biggest development of seedlings, followed by 4-14-8. The presence of absence of f.o. matched with PlantmaxR practically did not influence the analyzed features. It must not use Glomus etunicatum associated the PlantmaxR, due to the high phosphorus content in this substrate.

Passiflora edulis Sims: the correct taxonomic way to cite the yellow passion fruit (and of others colors)

Passiflora edulis, o maracuja e nativo do Brasil, apresenta varios nomes populares (tais como maracuja-azedo, maracuja-amarelo, maracuja-preto e maracuja-roxo) e grande variabilidade, sendo que diferentes cores da casca do fruto sao facilmente observadas. Entretanto, em 1932, Otto Degener sugeriu que o maracuja-amarelo tenha originado atraves de melhoramento genetico, na Australia, denominando-o como P. edulis forma flavicarpa, e poderia ser reconhecido pela cor do fruto, pela porcao colorida da corona, maior e de um arroxeado mais escuro, e pela presenca de glândulas nas sepalas. Essa distincao nao se sustenta, pois essas glândulas sao comuns na especie (embora possam estar ausentes), e a corona tem grande variacao de cores, independentemente da cor do fruto. Ainda mais critico e o fato de que a coloracao externa do fruto e um carater de heranca complexa e nao tem dominância, existindo, por isso, varias cores intermediarias e dificuldades para reconhecer quais as cores extremas. Para a correta denominacao cientifica das plantas agricolas, devem ser utilizados, simultaneamente, o Codigo Internacional de Nomenclatura Botânica e o Codigo Internacional de Nomenclatura de Plantas Cultivadas, sendo que selecoes com caracteristicas agronomicas importantes devem ser reconhecidas e denominadas como cultivares. De acordo com a convencao internacional promovida pela UPOV, da qual o Brasil e signatario, varias cores (amarelo-palido, amarelo, amarelo-alaranjado, vermelho-rosado, vermelho, roxo-avermelhado, roxo-esverdeado, roxo e roxo-escuro) podem ser reconhecidas para a adequada caracterizacao das cultivares de maracuja, dentro da especie Passiflora edulis. Ao nivel taxonomico, portanto, correta, pratica e simplesmente, deve-se utilizar Passiflora edulis Sims, para toda e qualquer planta e cor de fruto do maracuja-azedo, associando-se a elas um nome de cultivar para os materiais selecionados.

Variabilidade genética de acessos silvestres e comerciais de Passiflora edulis Sims. com base em marcadores RAPD

There are a great diversity of colors, sizes and aromas of fruits in wild accessions of P. edulis in Brazilian Savannah. These accessions are also important resistance sources against illness which can be incorpored in passionfruit breeding programs. In this work, the objetive was to evaluate the genetic variability in wild and commercial P. edulis accessions using RAPD markers. The genomic DNA of each accession was extracted and amplified using thirteen decamer primers (OPD-04, OPD-07, OPD-08, OPD-16, OPE-18, OPE-20, OPF-01, OPF-14, OPG-05, OPG-08, OPH-04, OPH-12 and OPH-16) to obtain RAPD markers. These markers were transformed in binary matrix data to estimate genetic distances among accessions and to perform cluster and graphical dispersion analysis. A total of 187 markers were generated, and only 28 (14.97%) of them were monomorphic. The genetic distances among the 15 P. edulis accessions varied from 0.091 to 0.496. The molecular markers demonstrated the high genetic variability of the wild and commercial P. edulis accessions. The accessions with yellow fruits presented greater genetic distances in relation to the accessions with purple fruits. Lower genetic distances were verified among the accesses of the same geographical origin.

Reação às doenças e produtividade de onze cultivares de maracujá-azedo cultivadas sem agrotóxicos

The objective of this work was to evaluate the reaction to diseases and the yield of eleven sour-passion fruit cultivars during the first six months of harvesting in the Federal District, Brazil. Weeds were controlled using a polyethylene black cloth (mulching) with 1.20 m large on the tape of dripping irrigation along the planting line. The hybrid EC-RFM (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa x P. edulis) had the best yield and it was less susceptible to woodiness virus (PWV), fruit-anthracnose and septoriose. All cultivars were susceptible to fruit-scab and bacterial spot. All cultivars evaluated presented low genetic variability to disease resistance.

Características físicas e químicas em nove genótipos de maracujá-azedo cultivado sob três níveis de adubação potássica

It was evaluated the effect of three levels of potassium fertilization on physical and chemical characteristics of fruits of nine genotypes of sour passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sins. var. flavicarpa Deg.). The design used was based on randomized blocks in factorial scheme 9 x 3, being nine genotypes of passion fruit and three levels of potassium fertilization (0, 640, 1280 kg of K2O ha-1.year-1), summing to 27 treatments, with four replication. It was observed more influence of the potassium over physical characteristics of the sour passion fruit. The total yield was linear with application of potassium. There was a square effect in the doses of potassium over the fruit length, in the length/diameter ratio, in the peel thickness and in the mean number of seeds per fruit.

Reação a doenças e produtividade de um clone de maracujazeiro-azedo propagado por estaquia e enxertia em estacas herbáceas de Passiflora silvestre

Diseases induced by soil-borne pathogens cause expressive losses in passion fruit crops in Brazil. The use of resistant rootstocks could be an alternative to control these diseases. Passiflora nitida is one of the wild species of Passifloraceae, which have presented resistance to these diseases, but its utilization as seedling rootstock has been limited mainly due to differences of thickness between rootstock and the graft of the commercial cultivars. This problem can be solved by using grafting on rootstock of rooted-herbaceous cuttings and hypocotyledonary grafting, but data about the performance and yield of grafted passion fruit in field conditions are yet scarce in Brazil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the reaction to disease attack, yield and physical characteristics of fruits from a commercial passion fruit clone propagated by rooted cuttings, by grafting on rooted cuttings of a wild P. nitida (source EC-PN 1) and by seeds. The plants were cultivated in a red-yellow latosol with a drip irrigation system and oriented on a vertical espalier of 1,90 meters high. Harvest occurred weekly during 14 months and disease eva1uations were carried out at 17, 18 and 19 months after the planting. Plant yields from rooted cuttings were twice greater than those from grafted plants or seedlings. The plants propagated by grafting and rooted cuttings were lesser affected by diseases.

Características físico-químicas de cinco genótipos de maracujazeiro-azedo cultivados no Distrito Federal

The aim of this work was to evaluate the physical-chemical characteristics of five genotypes of passion fruit cultived in Brasilia in three seasons: February, March and April of 2005. The experiment wascarried out in the experimental area of the Agua Limpa Farm of the UnB, Brasilia-DF. It was used the delineation blocks with four repetitions, five genotypes, three evaluation periods and seven useful plants per share. The five genotypes were evaluated: Rubi Gigante, EC-3-0, EC-L-7, Redondao and Gigante Amarelo. The fruits produced on April/2005 present greater length, fresh fruit of mass, pulp, and juice, titrable acidity, pH and number of seeds. Genotype Rubi Gigante presents fruits with lesser length and highest soluble solids. Genotypes Redondao and Gigante Amarelo present fruits with lesser relation length/diameter. The genotypes Gigante Amarelo and Redondao consequently present fruits with a lesser thickness of the rind and the highest ovarian socket, with a highest amount of pulp. This last genotype also got fruits with the highest diameter, soluble solid and lower pH. This characteristic is important for processing; therefore fruits with high acidity present a reduction in the addition of acidifying in juice. The prolongated format predominated in the fruits of the five genotypes at the three analyzed periods.

Confirmação de híbridos interespecíficos artificiais no gênero passiflora por meio de marcadores RAPD

The generation of passion fruit interspecific hybrids is interesting to improve agronomic traits of Passiflora edulis commercial species in genetic breeding programs, in generation of new genetic materials to use as rootstock and as alternative ornamental plants. In this work, 17 interespecific hybrids were obtained and RAPD molecular markers were utilized to confirm the interspecific hybridizations. Genomic DNA samples of each supposed hybrid and its putative genitors were extracted and amplified using 12 decamer primers to obtain RAPD molecular markers. These markers have been analyzed concerning the presence of informative bands for confirmation of the crossed fertilization. The crossing between P. laurifolia x P. nitida; P. edulis f. flavicarpa GA2 x RC1 (GA2 x P. coccinea); P. caerulea x P. amethystina; P. glandulosa x P. galbana; P. coccinea x P. actinia; P. glandulosa x P. edulis f. flavicarpa GA2; P. sidaefolia x P. actinia; P. galbana x P. actinea; F1 (P. coccinea x P. setacea) x P. coccinea; F1 (P. coccinea x P. setacea) x P. mucronata; P. eichleriana x P. gibertii; P. galbana x P. edulis f. flavicarpa GA2; P. glandulosa x P. edulis edulis Cinza TO; P. glandulosa x P. sidaefolia; P. coccinea x P. setacea were confirmed. Thus, it was verified the genetic compatibility between these species, being possible to use them in breeding programs. RAPD markers have revealed themselves as excellent tools to verify the occurrence or not of crossed fecundation in Passiflora.

Variabilidade genética de acessos obtidos de populações cultivadas e silvestres de maracujazeiro-doce com base em marcadores rapd

Sweet passion fruit (Passiflora alata Curtis) is gaining importance in the in natura fruit market due to differential value. Genetic breeding is crucial to improve crop quality and productivity. Molecular markers of DNA have been very useful by allowing obtaining a virtually unlimited number of genetic polymorphism without environment influence. This works objective was to study the genetic variability of 17 sweet passion fruit accesses, using RAPD molecular markers. One access of P. quadrangularis and another of P. edulis were used as outgroups. Genomic DNA samples of each one of them were extracted and 11 decamers primers (OPD 04, 07, 08 e16; OPE 18 and 20; OPF 01 and 14; OPG 08; OPH 12 and 16) were used to obtain the markers. The markers have been converted into a matrix of binary data, used as base to estimate genetic distances between accesses and to perform grouping and graphic dispersion analysis. From the total amount of markers, considering only P. alata accesses, it was observed 87 (62.12%) polymorphic bands, showing great intraspecific variability. Grouping analysis based on genetic distances allowed to subdivide 17 P. alata accesses in, at least, five groups of genetic similarity. The wild accesses contributed the most to the genetic basis expansion of the studied materials, opening good prospects for their use in breeding programs.

Enraizamento de estacas de três espécies silvestres de Passiflora

Em ambiente com nebulizacao controlada, estacas herbaceas com um par de folhas, contendo 2 ou 3 nos, foram testadas quanto ao enraizamento, utilizando-se de bandeja de poliestireno com celula de 95cm3 e saco plastico de 15x25x0,02cm com 1.730 cm3. Foram testadas estacas de Passiflora actinia, P. serrato-digitata e P. setacea. Observou-se que P. serrato-digitata apresentou 94,3% de estacas enraizadas com brotos e 2,4% de mortalidade; enquanto P. actinia e P. setacea apresentaram, respetivamente, 30,5% e 28,6% de estacas enraizadas com brotos e 56,8% e 60,7% de mortalidade. A alta mortalidade das estacas foi atribuida ao estado fenologico das matrizes de P. actinia e P. setacea e ao ataque de larvas de bradisia (Bradysia spp.) Estacas com dois e tres nos nao apresentaram diferencas significativas, e o recipiente saco plastico de 1.730 cm3 proporcionou melhor desenvolvimento das mudas.