Nilüfer Kadıoğlu

Premature sebaceous hyperplasia with pre-pubertal onset.

of thyroid cancer; metastases occur more frequently in lymph nodes and less often in the lung and bone. Cutaneous metastases from papillary thyroid carcinoma are extremely rare; this is the first case report of the cutaneous metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma that developed on the site of incision for thyroidectomy. Most cutaneous metastases in a surgical scar occur as a result of the implantation of tumor cells or direct extension during surgery and usually appear within a year of surgery. The present patient is unusual because the interval between thyroidectomy and the development of cutaneous metastasis to the operation scar was five years. Several mechanisms for the occurrence of cutaneous metastasis from internal malignancy have been proposed, including direct extension, hematogenous spread, lymphatic spread, and the implantation of exfoliated tumor cells during surgery. Tumor cell implantation during surgery may be the most likely pathogenesis of metastasis to a surgical scar. However, in the present case, this is less likely because systemic metastases had been detected three years prior to the development of the skin lesion, and the period between the thyroidectomy and the cutaneous metastasis extended to five years. Alternatively, an alteration in local lymphatic drainage in the region of the scar may be the mechanism responsible for tumor cell implantation. Although hematogenous metastasis is possible, why the metastasis occurred in the scar rather than elsewhere remains open to question. Assuming that this was not a random phenomenon, we suggest that there is a predilection for metastasis to occur at an operation scar as a result of an alteration in the microscopic anatomy around the scar, including in the lymphatic channels, or because the local environment of the scar is more susceptible to metastatic tumor cells. It is possible that this may reflect an altered adhesion molecule profile or altered local immunosurveillance mechanisms. In conclusion, although the exact pathogenesis of metastasis remains unknown, we report this case of a papillary thyroid carcinoma metastasis on a thyroidectomy scar on the neck as representing an interesting occurrence. Ji Hae Lee, MD Kyoung Eun Jung, MD Hei Sung Kim, MD Jun Young Lee, MD Hyung Ok Kim, MD Young Min Park, MD Department of Dermatology Seoul St. Marys Hospital College of Medicine Catholic University of Korea Seoul South Korea

Atypical fibroxanthoma in a woman and literature review

Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) is a superficial variant of pleomorphic malignant fibrous histiocytoma. AFX an rare tumor of skin seen mainly in the head and neck region of elderly patients. Clinically, it can be difficult to differentiate from other tumors without histopathological examination. It may clinically resemble squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, or pyogenic granuloma. The histologic differential diagnosis primarily includes peripheral giant cell granuloma, spindle cell squamous carcinoma, and spindle cell melanoma. Clinical findings and immunohistochemical studies are often needed to establish the diagnosis. The prognosis is generally excellent, although there are rare cases of metastatic disease. The case was 77-year-old female patient. She had a 1.5 cm red-brown bulging lesion on her left cheek that sometimes can bleed for 4 years. As clinically piyogenic granuloma was considered. Excisional biopsi was performed. There was not any lymphadenopathy in her head neck region. Microscopically, the case was interpreted as AFX. The histologic appearance of this lesion was reminiscent of the peripheral giant cell granuloma and giant cell variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma, also termed malignant giant cell tumor of soft parts. Particularly skin lesions, clinicopathologic correlation is important. Appropriately as can be much easier to diagnose.