Nilza de Lima Pereira Sales

Qualidade física, fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de milho crioulo produzidas no norte de Minas Gerais

The objective of this research was to evaluate the physical, physiological and sanitary quality of corn seeds of 17 maize varieties (landraces) before and after storage in PET bottles. The seeds were submitted to the following tests: physical purity, retention on sieves, weight of 1000 seeds, germination, seed moisture content, emergence in flowerbed, infested seed exam and seed health (deep-freezing method). Germination and emergence velocity index were determined. Maize landraces seeds of different varieties presented a great percentage of physical purity and germination, which were over the minimum standards values required for commercialization of corn seeds (98 and 85%, respectively), even after storage. Seed moisture content remained below 13% before and after storage, standing out the potential of Nothern Minas Gerais for production and conservation of high-quality seeds. Three varieties presented infestation higher than the maximum values accepted for corn seeds commercialization (3%), indicating the need of better pests control during storage. Samples of three varieties have not reached satisfy standard values of retention on the same sieve (94%), indicating the need of better standardization on size classification of some seed lots.

Fungicides and alternative products in the mycelial growth and germination control of Alternaria tomatophila

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar el efecto in vitro de diferentes productos en el crecimiento micelial y en la germinacion de conidios de Alternaria tomatophila, agente etiologico del tizon temprano del tomate. El experimento se establecio mediante un experimento completamente aleatorizado en un esquema factorial 5x4, con cinco concentraciones (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% y 100% de la dosis comercial recomendada) x 4 productos (cimoxanil + mancozeb, oxicloruro cobre, fosfito de potasio 0-28-26 y biofertilizante) con cuatro repeticiones. Los productos se homogeneizaron y anadieron al medio PDA para evaluar la inhibicion del crecimiento micelial y se incorporaron en medio agar-agua para probar la inhibicion de la germinacion de los conidios. El fungicida mancozeb + cimoxanil y el fosfito de potasio 0-28-26 fueron los mejores productos evaluados inhibiendo totalmente el crecimiento micelial, el oxicloruro de cobre demostro tener un efecto intermedio, mientras el biofertilizante fue menos eficaz. La germinacion de conidios tuvo un comportamiento similar frente a los productos evaluados. Elfungicida mancozeb + cycomaxil y el fosfito sobresalieron, seguido de oxicloruro de cobre y del biofertilizante; sin embargo, los productos no inhibieron completamente la germinacion de esporas de A. tomatophila.

Incidência e viabilidade de sementes crioulas de milho naturalmente infestadas com fungos em pré e pós-armazenamento

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a qualidade sanitaria e fisiologica de quatorze variedades de sementes de milho crioulas em pre e pos-armazenamento em embalagens de polietileno tereftalato (PET). Houve efeito das variedades e das epocas de avaliacoes sobre a incidencia de fungos e germinacao. Dentre a micobiota observada, Fusarium moniliforme (88%), Penicillium spp. (6,9%) e Aspergillus spp. (2,1%) tiveram a maior porcentagem de incidencia. Apos o armazenamento, houve decrescimo de F. moniliforme (69%) e aumento de Penicillium spp. (35%) e Aspergillus spp. (22%). A incidencia desses fungos nao comprometeu a qualidade fisiologica das sementes, que apresentaram elevadas porcentagens de vigor e germinacao.

Levantamento florístico do estrato arbóreo de três fragmentos de floresta ciliar como subsídio à recomposição da vegetação do Rio Cedro, Montes Claros – MG

The objectives of this study were to know the floristic composition of three fragments of riparian forest from Rio Cedro, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais state and select species to be used in its recomposition. It was done a floristic survey, similarity analysis and sucessional classification of species. We sampled 356 individuals in three fragments, and: 99 at the 1st one, 117 at the 2nd one and 140 at the 3rd one with a total of 53 species, 2 unidentified, 46 genera and 22 families. The majority floristic wealth was found at the 1st fragment: 28 species, then at the 2rd one with 26 last at the 3nd with 25. The families with the highest number of individuals were Fabaceae (111), Malvaceae (50), Arecaceae (45), Anacardiaceae (32). The Fabaceae family showed the greatest number of species represented. By the tests, Sorensens similarity rate was obtained for the fragments: 1 and 2, 52.8%, 2 and 3, 40% and 1 and 3 33.3%. The greatest wealth of pioneering species and secondary ones characterize an initial phase of transition from forest pioneering, typical of sucessional medium probation and show characteristics of seasonal decidual forest. The fragments studied are disrupted. In order to the recomposition of the riparian forest, a selection of species to be used in its recomposition and the combination of different ecological groups are proposed.

Uma nova abordagem para o método geométrico usando o índice da parábola

O objetivo deste artigo e apresentar uma nova abordagem para o metodo geometrico, substituindo o coeficiente angular da reta pelo indice da parabola na geracao de equacoes taper para estimar o volume de arvores individuais e comparar as estimativas de volume realizadas a partir desta nova abordagem com o volume obtido pela cubagem rigorosa de clones de eucalipto. A partir de modificacoes algebricas no indice da parabola e considerando os mesmos intervalos definidos para o metodo geometrico original, foram desenvolvidas expressoes taper. De uma base de dados de 48 parcelas com 1819 arvores cubadas, 349 foram retiradas aleatoriamente para avaliacao da nova abordagem proposta. Duas abordagens utilizando o indice da parabola foram propostas, uma usando dois diâmetros de apoio e outra usando um diâmetro de apoio na obtencao das equacoes taper. Os metodos foram entao aplicados nas demais arvores amostradas e os volumes por parcela foram obtidos e comparados estatisticamente com o volume da parcela cubada. Os resultados mostraram que nao existem diferencas entre os volumes estimados pelos metodos propostos e o volume da cubagem rigorosa. Portanto os mesmos podem ser usados com seguranca nos inventarios florestais.

Qualidade das sementes de diferentes genótipos de grão-de-bico produzidas no Norte de Minas Gerais

The expansion of the areas for chickpea culture depends on the production of seeds of superior quality. In this study, it was evaluated the main physical, physiological and sanitary characteristics in seeds of six genotypes of chickpea produced in Montes Claros, North of Minas Gerais. The analyzed variables were the moisture content, the physical purity, the mass of a thousand seeds, the uniformity, the percentage of germination, the first count of the test germination, the rate of speed germination and emergency, the dry mass of the aerial part of the seedling and the occurrence of microorganisms and plagues in seed storage. The physical, physiological and sanitary quality of the seeds was affected by different genotypes of the chickpea analyzed. The variations in relation to the physical quality of the seeds between the genotypes of chickpea are not related to sanitary and physiological quality of them. In general, the seeds of genotype CNPH 08-04 showed physical, physiological and sanitary superior quality in relation to the seeds of other genotypes.

POTENCIAL PRODUTIVO DE GENÓTIPOS DE TOMATEIRO DO GRUPO CEREJA DIANTE À INFECÇÃO POR Alternaria tomatophila

Early blight (caused by Alternaria tomatophila) is a major disease of tomato with no resistant cultivars. Thus, it is necessary to identify sources of resistance and productive genotypes for the development of new cultivars. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the productive potential of cherry tomato genotypes grown in the summer / fall, the severity of early blight on leaves and the incidence of disease in fruits. The treatments consisted of Carolina tomato genotypes, Cereja Vermelho, CH 152 and CLN1561A. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with six replications, and the experimental plot had 16 plants. The following characteristics were evaluated: area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), average number of microinjuries on the fruits (MF), average number of fruits per bunch (NFC), average number of bunches per plant (NCP), average number of fruits per plant (NFP), average yield, number of fruits with incidence of early blight per plant (NFI) and the severity of early blight in leaves (%). The cherry tomato genotype CH152 showed tolerance to early blight with a smaller area under the disease progress curve, lower severity and fruits with incidence of A. tomatophila were not observed in this genotype. The CH152 had the highest number of fruits per bunch, greater number of bunches per plant, higher number of fruits per plant and higher productivity. This line has great potential of being integrated into breeding programs.

Compliance with Environmental and Social Legislation in Certified Forestry Companies

The objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of the FSC forestry certification system to improve the forestry sector, in terms of compliance to environmental and social laws and improvements in working conditions resulting from the certification process. Thirty-seven auditing reports from five Brazilian forestry companies were evaluated, throughout the 2006-2013 period. Non-compliance and observations were analyzed and organized into categories, which identified the main performance issues found in certified forestry organizations. 301 instances of non-compliance and 138 observations of audit reports were verified, where 48 and 57% respectively, were linked to the two principles studied. For obtaining and/or maintaining the certificate it is necessary for all violations to be resolved. Therefore, it was concluded that forest certification contributes to the advancement of the forestry sector in Brazil, in relation to compliance with legal, social and labor issues.

DETERMINAÇÃO DE INIBIDORES E SUPERAÇÃO DE DORMÊNCIA EM SEMENTES DE CUTIEIRA

The objective of this work was to verify the presence of inhibitors of germination and vigor in different parts of the seed of Cutieira. Secondly, we evaluate the effects of the methods for breaking dormancy, as well as to identify and quantify the microflora in Cutieira seeds. In the preliminary phase of the research, using lettuce seeds as an indicator of inhibitors and aqueous extract of seed coat, film, tissue reserves, cotyledon and embryo axis of Cutieira seeds. It was evidenced the presence of inhibitors primarily in tissues of the embryonic axis and cotyledons. In a second stage of the research, in finding overcomes Cutieira seed dormancy, fruits of Cutieira were collected and separated into freshly harvested fruits and remnants. The experimental design was completely randomized, factorial 2 x 5, with two types of seed from freshly harvested fruits and remnants and five pre-germination treatments. The seed coat removal promotes increased germination and seed vigor derived from harvested fruits. Fungi identified in the cutieira seeds were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp. and Rhizopus sp.

Ação e caracterização química de óleos essenciais no manejo da antracnose do maracujá

Objetivou-se avaliar dois metodos de inoculacao de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides em maracuja, testar a patogenicidade de diferentes isolados, o efeito fungitoxico e a composicao quimica dos oleos essenciais das especies medicinais alecrim-pimenta (Lippia sidoides Cham.), capim-santo [Cymbopogon citratus (D. C.) Stapf.], alfavaca-cravo (Ocimum gratissimum L.), no controle da antracnose [Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.)], associado ao estadio de maturacao de frutos de maracujazeiro-amarelo. Avaliaram-se tres experimentos, onde se testou a patogenicidade de seis isolados do fungo em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis repeticoes, outro com o mesmo delineamento em esquema fatorial 2x2 (suspensao de conidios e disco de micelio) e frutos (verdes e maduros), com seis repeticoes. No tratamento com frutos, utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5x3+1, sendo cinco concentracoes (0; 2; 4; 6 e 8µL mL-1) e tres especies medicinais, mais o tebuconazol, com cinco repeticoes. Fez-se a caracterizacao quimica dos oleos por cromatografia gasosa, com espectrometria de massas. Todos os isolados foram patogenicos. Os frutos maduros apresentaram maior diâmetro das lesoes, quando inoculados com suspensao de conidios. O oleo de C. citratus proporcionou o menor diâmetro das lesoes nos frutos, ate a concentracao de 6 µL mL-1. Na concentracao de 8 µL mL-1, todos os oleos inibiram o desenvolvimento do fungo. O timol (30,24%), o citral (77,74%) e o eugenol (92,89%) foram componentes majoritarios em L. sidoides, C. citratus e O. gratissimum, respectivamente.