Delacyr da Silva Brandão Junior

Crescimento de mudas de pinhão-manso em resposta a adubação com superfosfato simples e pó-de-rocha

Research into rock-flour have shown the potential of some of these residues in promoting the mineral enrichment of soils; a practice defined as stonemeal soil. Such practice aims to increase soil fertility and provide good productivity and greater agricultural sustainability. The present study had as objective to evaluate the growth of jatropha seedlings (Jatropha curcas L.) in response to fertilization of the substrate with single superphosphate and rock-flour. The experiment was setup and conducted from September to November, 2007, in a greenhouse at the Institute of Agricultural Sciences/UFMG. The treatments, in a 2 x 5 factorial design of randomized blocks, with three replications, corresponded to two doses of rock-flour (0 and 20 kg m-3 of substrate) and 5 doses of single superphosphate (1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 kg m-3 of substrate). Plant height, stem diameter, plant height/stem diameter ratio, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, fresh and dry matter of root and shoot, total fresh and dry matter, shoot/root dry-matter ratio, dry matter content and the Dickson quality index- IQD, were all evaluated. The results show no significant interaction between the levels of phosphorus and rock-flour applied and the variables studied. The application of single superphosphate was significant for plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, root, shoot and total fresh matter, with a positive response up to the maximum applied phosphorus dosage.

Qualidade física, fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de milho crioulo produzidas no norte de Minas Gerais

The objective of this research was to evaluate the physical, physiological and sanitary quality of corn seeds of 17 maize varieties (landraces) before and after storage in PET bottles. The seeds were submitted to the following tests: physical purity, retention on sieves, weight of 1000 seeds, germination, seed moisture content, emergence in flowerbed, infested seed exam and seed health (deep-freezing method). Germination and emergence velocity index were determined. Maize landraces seeds of different varieties presented a great percentage of physical purity and germination, which were over the minimum standards values required for commercialization of corn seeds (98 and 85%, respectively), even after storage. Seed moisture content remained below 13% before and after storage, standing out the potential of Nothern Minas Gerais for production and conservation of high-quality seeds. Three varieties presented infestation higher than the maximum values accepted for corn seeds commercialization (3%), indicating the need of better pests control during storage. Samples of three varieties have not reached satisfy standard values of retention on the same sieve (94%), indicating the need of better standardization on size classification of some seed lots.

Qualidade de sementes de Helianthus annuus L. em função da adubação fosfatada e da localização na inflorescência

In recent years, the expansion of sunflower promoted a search for genetic material more competitive, and for seeds with a maximum physical, physiological and health quality. In the field, harvesting time and plant nutrition are essential in the expression of these qualities. With this objective, this research aimed to evaluate the physical and physiological quality of sunflower seeds under different phosphorus levels and locations within the same inflorescence. The experimental design was randomized blocks in factorial (3x2), being the first factor, the location of the seed in the inflorescence (outside, middle and center) and the second phosphorus levels (zero and to 70kg ha-1 super-simple). Its application was performed during the culture deployment . Seeds were subjected to the moisture content determination, thousand seed weight, seed weight per inflorescence location in germination and vigor (first count and index of germination rate). Phosphorus fertilization allowed an increase in physical and physiological quality of sunflower seeds. The region along the periphery with the environment contributes in most to obtain a better physical and physiological quality of sunflower seeds. The physical quality is affected by the location of seeds in inflorescences, which are heavier in the periphery, followed by middle and having the center with lighter seeds.

Incidência e viabilidade de sementes crioulas de milho naturalmente infestadas com fungos em pré e pós-armazenamento

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a qualidade sanitaria e fisiologica de quatorze variedades de sementes de milho crioulas em pre e pos-armazenamento em embalagens de polietileno tereftalato (PET). Houve efeito das variedades e das epocas de avaliacoes sobre a incidencia de fungos e germinacao. Dentre a micobiota observada, Fusarium moniliforme (88%), Penicillium spp. (6,9%) e Aspergillus spp. (2,1%) tiveram a maior porcentagem de incidencia. Apos o armazenamento, houve decrescimo de F. moniliforme (69%) e aumento de Penicillium spp. (35%) e Aspergillus spp. (22%). A incidencia desses fungos nao comprometeu a qualidade fisiologica das sementes, que apresentaram elevadas porcentagens de vigor e germinacao.

Initial growth of Acacia mangium Willd in soil conditioner formed of coconut fiber and aggregating residue.

The purpose of this work was to evaluate litter layer (soil conditioner) formed of coconut fiber and aggregating residue with different substrate in the initial growth of Acacia mangium Willd plants. A completely randomized block was utilized, with 13 treatments and three replications, in a factorial arrangement (6 x 2 + 1), with 6 proportions of fiber of coconut and aggregating residue (100 and 0%, 90 and 10%, 80 and 20%, 70 and 30%, 60 and 40%, 50 and 50%), 2 substrates, one containing sewage sludge (subsoil of Red-Yellow Latosol (LVA) plus sewage sludge in the proportion 2:1) and the other with bovine manure (subsoil of Red-Yellow Latosol (LVA) plus decomposed bovine manure in the relation 3:1), and the control as additional treatment, subsoil of Red-Yellow Latosol (LVA). After 173 days of the sowing, the litter layer containing subsoil of LVA and bovine manure was found to be superior to the substrate with subsoil of LVA and sewage sludge in the initial development of A. mangium Willd in height and length of the root. Conditioners containing 90 to 100% of coconut fiber and of 0 to 10% of aggregating residue provided better characteristics of growth of A. mangium Willd in field conditions.

Superação da dormência de sementes de umbuzeiro (Spondias tuberosa, Arr. Câm.) utilizando diferentes métodos

Several fruits of native species of semi-arid region have great potential for commercialization, and among them there is the Spondias tuberosa. However, commercial cultivation of this species is limited by the difficulty of obtaining seedlings mainly depending on the dormancy of its seeds. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the seeds overcoming dormancy methods of Spondias Tuberosa to promote an increase in the rates of germination, uniformity and vigor of the seedlings. Two experiments were independently conducted. The treatments of the first experiments were: test, immersion of the seeds in water for 24 hours, immersion of the seeds in solution of gibberellic acid 1000 mg / L for 24 hours, scarification of seeds with sulfuric acid PA for 10 minutes and mechanical scarification of seeds. In the second experiment, the treatments consisted of planting the seeds with 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 days of storage in paper bags under laboratory conditions, at an average temperature of 22.5° C and relative humidity of 65%. In the first study it was found that there was a significant effect of the methods to seeds overcoming dormancy, concluding that the mechanical scarification is the best treatment, with an average germination rate in 60 days after planting 26.6%. In the second experiment, storage positively influenced the germination of seeds and seedlings vigor. The best results for uniformity and germination percentage (83%) were obtained between 120 and 210 days of seeds storage, while for the length and fresh weight of root, between 120 and 150 days.

Qualidade das sementes de diferentes genótipos de grão-de-bico produzidas no Norte de Minas Gerais

The expansion of the areas for chickpea culture depends on the production of seeds of superior quality. In this study, it was evaluated the main physical, physiological and sanitary characteristics in seeds of six genotypes of chickpea produced in Montes Claros, North of Minas Gerais. The analyzed variables were the moisture content, the physical purity, the mass of a thousand seeds, the uniformity, the percentage of germination, the first count of the test germination, the rate of speed germination and emergency, the dry mass of the aerial part of the seedling and the occurrence of microorganisms and plagues in seed storage. The physical, physiological and sanitary quality of the seeds was affected by different genotypes of the chickpea analyzed. The variations in relation to the physical quality of the seeds between the genotypes of chickpea are not related to sanitary and physiological quality of them. In general, the seeds of genotype CNPH 08-04 showed physical, physiological and sanitary superior quality in relation to the seeds of other genotypes.

DETERMINAÇÃO DE INIBIDORES E SUPERAÇÃO DE DORMÊNCIA EM SEMENTES DE CUTIEIRA

The objective of this work was to verify the presence of inhibitors of germination and vigor in different parts of the seed of Cutieira. Secondly, we evaluate the effects of the methods for breaking dormancy, as well as to identify and quantify the microflora in Cutieira seeds. In the preliminary phase of the research, using lettuce seeds as an indicator of inhibitors and aqueous extract of seed coat, film, tissue reserves, cotyledon and embryo axis of Cutieira seeds. It was evidenced the presence of inhibitors primarily in tissues of the embryonic axis and cotyledons. In a second stage of the research, in finding overcomes Cutieira seed dormancy, fruits of Cutieira were collected and separated into freshly harvested fruits and remnants. The experimental design was completely randomized, factorial 2 x 5, with two types of seed from freshly harvested fruits and remnants and five pre-germination treatments. The seed coat removal promotes increased germination and seed vigor derived from harvested fruits. Fungi identified in the cutieira seeds were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp. and Rhizopus sp.

Curva de absorção de água em sementes de Pinhão-Manso (Jatrophas curcas L.)

RESUMO – O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de caracterizar a curva de absorcao de agua em sementes de pinhao-manso (Jatrophas curcas L.) pelo metodo teste-padrao, com sementes mantidas em rolo de papel de filtro umedecido em agua destilada. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 16, sendo 2 classes de sementes (vivas e mortas), com 16 periodos de embebicao e 4 repeticao de 10 sementes por parcela. E foi realizado o teste de tetrazolio para verificar a nao viabilidade das sementes. As sementes de pinhao-manso apresentaram o padrao trifasico de embebicao. Onde a fase I foi comum para as sementes vivas e mortas, estendendo-se por 15 horas. Apenas sementes vivas ingressaram na fase II, estendendo-se por 45 horas, sendo compreendida entre 15 ate 60 horas de embebicao. Somente sementes vivas ingressaram na fase III, apos 60 horas de embebicao, quando foi possivel visualizar a emissao da radicula. CURVE OF WATER ABSORPTION IN SEEDS JATROPHA (Jatropha curcas L.)