Nilza Teresa Rotter Pelá

A teoria fundamentada nos dados como abordagem da pesquisa interpretativa

Pesquisa interpretativa envolve os estudos da linha qualitativa e a pesquisa indutiva. Na classificacao apresentada por LOWENBERG (1994) a teoria fundamentada nos dados e um tipo de pesquisa interpretativa situada como uma variante dentro do interacionismo simbolico. Face a pouca utilizacao desta metodologia nos estudos nacionais, este estudo teve por objetivo tratar da teoria fundamentada nos dados, enquanto referencial metodologico, apresentando e indicando seu metodo. As seguintes etapas foram apresentadas: coleta dos dados empiricos, os procedimentos de codificacao ou analise dos dados; codificacao aberta, codificacao axial ou formacao e desenvolvimento do conceito; codificacao seletiva ou modificacao e integracao do conceito e delimitacao da teoria. Os estudos de CALIRI (1994) e de CASSIANI (1994) exemplificaram a utilizacao deste referencial metodologico. Finalmente visualizou-se a metodologia da teoria fundamentada os dados como um referencial de analise que fornece caminhos e orienta, atraves de suas etapas, o investigador que pretende utiliza-la.Interpretative research comprehends studies on qualitative methodology and inductive research. According to Lowenbergs classification (1994), grounded theory is a type of interpretative research situated as a variant of symbolic interaction. The purpose of the present study was to discuss grounded theory as a methodological reference, presenting it and indicating its method. The following stages were presented: collection of empirical data, proceedings of data codification or analysis; open coding, axial coding or concept modification and integration and theory delimitation. The studies of CALIRI (1994) and CASSIANI (1994) exemplified the utilization of this methodological reference. Finally, authors visualized grounded theory as an useful reference of analysis, providing means and orienting, through its stages, the researcher aiming at using it.

Qualidade de vida de indivíduos com HIV/AIDS: uma revisão de literatura

La finalidad de este estudio de revision bibliografica fue la de analizar los resumenes de articulos acerca de la calidad de vida de individuos con VIH/SIDA, indexados en el banco de datos de la National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE) entre 1990 y 2002. La muestra consistio en 124 resumenes, en que analizamos la frecuencia de publicacion, pais donde se realizo el estudio, delineamiento del estudio, tamano de muestra, numero de publicaciones, tipo de instrumentos utilizados para medir calidad de vida y periodico donde fue publicado el estudio. Concluimos que, a pesar del aumento considerable en el numero de publicaciones acerca del tema en Estados Unidos y paises europeos, en Brasil, todavia es muy poco explorado.

The sexuality of patients with onco-hematological diseases

We interviewed 20 patients staying at a hospital unit, by means of a data collection instrument that is based on the eclectic model, with a view to characterizing the biological, psychological and sociocultural aspects involving human sexuality which are affected in patients with onco-hematological diseases. The research complied with ethical requirements for studies involving human beings. The results revealed that these clients presented problems related to biological aspects, mainly with respect to the phase of sexual desire (60% of the sample), sexual excitation (75%) and orgasm (75%). The psychological aspects related to sexual self-image were affected in 60% of the sample; problems related to social aspects (85%) were mainly due to the fear of acquiring an infection as a result of the low immunity provoked by the disease and treatment. These clients demonstrated alterations in their sexual function and in the way they expressed their sexuality.Com o proposito de caracterizar os aspectos biologicos, psicologicos e socioculturais que envolvem a sexualidade humana, afetados nas pessoas portadoras de patologias onco-hematologicas, foram entrevistados 20 pacientes, internados em uma unidade hospitalar, por meio de um instrumento de coleta de dados baseado no modelo ecletico. A investigacao atendeu as exigencias eticas para estudos com seres humanos. Os resultados evidenciaram que essa clientela apresenta problemas relacionados a aspectos biologicos quanto a fase do desejo sexual (60% da amostra), da excitacao sexual (75%) e do orgasmo (75%). Os aspectos psicologicos que se relacionam com a auto-imagem sexual apresentaram-se comprometidos em 60% da amostra; a presenca dos problemas relacionados aos aspectos sociais (85%) deu-se, principalmente, pelo medo de adquirir infeccao decorrente da baixa imunidade provocada pela doenca e tratamento. Essa clientela apresentou alteracoes na funcao sexual e na maneira de expressar a sua sexualidade.

ANÁLISE CRÍTICA DE IMPRESSÕES PLANTARES DE RECÉM-NASCIDOS

No presente estudo realizou-se a analise critica de 1.917 impressoes plantares (pe direito e esquerdo) de recem-nascidos e das impressoes digitais de suas maes. O criterio de analise classificava as impressoes digitais segundo a legibilidade dos elementos do sistema Vucetich. As impressoes plantares foram analisadas levando em consideracao as proposicoes de KAKUDA, NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF HE ALT e BEIGUELMAN. As impressoes plantares e digitais foram classificadas em: otima, boa, regular, borrao. Os resultados mostraram que oito (0,4%) das impressoes plantares de recem-nascidos nao foram colhidas e que 100,0% constitui-se de borroes e desses 9,5% apresentavam vestigio de cristas papilares. As impressoes digitais apresentaram melhor legibilidade, entretanto, em 191 (10,0%) deixaram de ser colhidas. A legibilidade das impressoes digitais apresentou a seguinte distribuicao: boa, 18,2%; regular, 38,9%, borrao, 33,0%. Concluiu-se que os dados obtidos nao propiciam subsidios a identificacao dos recem-nascidos daquele servico.

A sexualidade do paciente portador de doenças onco-hematológicas

We interviewed 20 patients staying at a hospital unit, by means of a data collection instrument that is based on the eclectic model, with a view to characterizing the biological, psychological and sociocultural aspects involving human sexuality which are affected in patients with onco-hematological diseases. The research complied with ethical requirements for studies involving human beings. The results revealed that these clients presented problems related to biological aspects, mainly with respect to the phase of sexual desire (60% of the sample), sexual excitation (75%) and orgasm (75%). The psychological aspects related to sexual self-image were affected in 60% of the sample; problems related to social aspects (85%) were mainly due to the fear of acquiring an infection as a result of the low immunity provoked by the disease and treatment. These clients demonstrated alterations in their sexual function and in the way they expressed their sexuality.Com o proposito de caracterizar os aspectos biologicos, psicologicos e socioculturais que envolvem a sexualidade humana, afetados nas pessoas portadoras de patologias onco-hematologicas, foram entrevistados 20 pacientes, internados em uma unidade hospitalar, por meio de um instrumento de coleta de dados baseado no modelo ecletico. A investigacao atendeu as exigencias eticas para estudos com seres humanos. Os resultados evidenciaram que essa clientela apresenta problemas relacionados a aspectos biologicos quanto a fase do desejo sexual (60% da amostra), da excitacao sexual (75%) e do orgasmo (75%). Os aspectos psicologicos que se relacionam com a auto-imagem sexual apresentaram-se comprometidos em 60% da amostra; a presenca dos problemas relacionados aos aspectos sociais (85%) deu-se, principalmente, pelo medo de adquirir infeccao decorrente da baixa imunidade provocada pela doenca e tratamento. Essa clientela apresentou alteracoes na funcao sexual e na maneira de expressar a sua sexualidade.

Auxiliares e Técnicos de enfermagem e controle de infecção hospitalar em centro cirúrgico: mitos e verdades

This analytical and descriptive study is aimed at detecting concepts that translate myths and truths on hospital infection among nursing auxiliaries and technicians at the surgical centers of three hospitals. The data collection instrument consisted of 28 affirmative statements (15 true and 13 false) encompassing factors related to the patient, the surgical team, the environment, and procedures. The statements contain a three-point scale (I agree, I am in doubt, I disagree). We received 72% of adequate answers and 28% of non-adequate, which indicates that perioperative nursing professionals have satis-factory knowledge of hospital infection control. In the items use of safety footwear, rings and other objects, hair as a pathogen, hand scrubbing, use of humid gown and surgical area, infected surgery and cleaning routine, occupational diseases, hospital infection, surgical site infection and surgery time we were able to detect myths and rituals about infection control, which are mainly related to the culture of those who practice them, thus perpetuating resistance to change.This analytical and descriptive study is aimed at detecting concepts that translate myths and truths on hospital infection among nursing auxiliaries and technicians at the surgical centers of three hospitals. The data collection instrument consisted of 28 affirmative statements (15 true and 13 false) encompassing factors related to the patient, the surgical team, the environment, and procedures. The statements contain a three-point scale (I agree, I am in doubt, I disagree). We received 72% of adequate answers and 28% of non-adequate, which indicates that perioperative nursing professionals have satisfactory knowledge of hospital infection control. In the items use of safety footwear, rings and other objects, hair as a pathogen, hand scrubbing, use of humid gown and surgical area, infected surgery and cleaning routine, occupational diseases, hospital infection, surgical site infection and surgery time we were able to detect myths and rituals about infection control, which are mainly related to the culture of those who practice them, thus perpetuating resistance to change.

O professor real e o ideal na visão de um grupo de graduandos de enfermagem

This survey, carried out in two colleges of nursing, is an attempt to contribute to the understanding of the teaching of nursing by characterizing the real and idealized professor, as seen by undergraduate students; identifying the most valued areas of the teachers performance: the emotional side or that related to specific theoretical-practical prowess and the didactic-pedagogic aspects as well as identifying the differences in attitudes between the students in relation to these values. The data were obtained through the application of 69 questionnaires. After descriptive analysis of the results, it was concluded that the emotional aspects of the teacher-student relationship are mediators through which the mastery of the subject content and also the didactic-pedagogic aspects, as well as, the teaching-learning process are achieved with success.

Síndrome de Fournier: a percepçao do seu portador

O proposito da presente investigacao foi identificar a percepcao dos pacientes que tiveram Sindrome de Fournier (SF) sobre esta afeccao, bem como sobre seus cuidadores. Os dados foram coletados atraves de entrevista com roteiro estruturado e a analise baseada na Analise de Prosa de Andre. Segundo os entrevistados, a SF causa dor intensa, edema, febre e ferida, necessitando tratamento cirurgico, curativos e que traz problemas fisicos, economicos e familiares. Sobre seus cuidadores descreveram demonstracao de atitudes e comportamentos mais negativos que positivos. A necessidade de melhor treinamento de seus cuidadores tanto nos aspectos cognitivos e psicomotor quanto afetivo, ficou evidente.El proposito de la presente investigacion fue identificar la percepcion de los pacientes que tuvieron el Sindrome de Fournier (SF) sobre esa afeccion, asi como acerca de sus cuidadores. Los datos fueron colectados a traves de entrevista con formulario estructurado y analisis basado en el Analisis de Prosa de Andre. Segun los entrevistados, el SF causa dolor intenso, edema, fiebre y heridas, que necesitan de tratamiento quirurgic y curativos ocasionando problemas fisicos, economicos y familiares. Sobre sus cuidadores, describieron la demostracion de actitudes y comportamientos mas negativos que positivos. La necesidad de un entrenamiento mejor de sus cuidadores tanto en los aspectos cognitivos y psicomotores como afectivos, fue evidente.

Informação/educação em DST/AIDS/sexualidade humana - um relato de experiência de 14 anos

The authors present their 14-year experience about Information/education on sexually transmitted diseases/Aids and human sexuality. They describe the actions implemented, emphasizing the positive and negative points. Concerning the positive results they mention the divulgation of information about preventive measures against HIV infection/Aids, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and human sexuality to several people from scientific and non scientific community. Another positive point is the transmission of knowledge gotten in such experiences at undergraduation and graduation teaching, as well as the development of research. Concerning the negative aspects, the difficult to evaluate the information actions, specially lectures was perceived, mainly because it is a communication tool basically unilateral. The authors mention some facts that historically influenced the implementation of the official actions.As autoras relatam suas experiencias de 14 anos sobre informacao/educacao em Doencas Sexualmente Transmissiveis/Aids e Sexualidade Humana. Descrevem as acoes implementadas, destacando os resultados positivos, bem como os negativos. Quanto aos resultados positivos destacam evidentemente a divulgacao de informacoes sobre medidas preventivas acerca da infeccao pelo HIV/AIDS, DST e aspectos da sexualidade humana a diversos segmentos da comunidade leiga e cientifica, bem como, o repasse do aprendizado adquirido nessas vivencias para o ensino de graduacao, pos-graduacao e desenvolvimento da pesquisa. Quanto aos negativos, perceberam a dificuldade em avaliar as acoes de informacoes, ou seja palestras, por constituirem-se uma estrategia de comunicacao praticamente unilateral. Nessa trajetoria apontam alguns fatos que historicamente marcaram a implementacao de acoes oficiais.

Nursing auxiliaries and technicians and hospital infection control in surgical centers: myths and truths

This analytical and descriptive study is aimed at detecting concepts that translate myths and truths on hospital infection among nursing auxiliaries and technicians at the surgical centers of three hospitals. The data collection instrument consisted of 28 affirmative statements (15 true and 13 false) encompassing factors related to the patient, the surgical team, the environment, and procedures. The statements contain a three-point scale (I agree, I am in doubt, I disagree). We received 72% of adequate answers and 28% of non-adequate, which indicates that perioperative nursing professionals have satis-factory knowledge of hospital infection control. In the items use of safety footwear, rings and other objects, hair as a pathogen, hand scrubbing, use of humid gown and surgical area, infected surgery and cleaning routine, occupational diseases, hospital infection, surgical site infection and surgery time we were able to detect myths and rituals about infection control, which are mainly related to the culture of those who practice them, thus perpetuating resistance to change.This analytical and descriptive study is aimed at detecting concepts that translate myths and truths on hospital infection among nursing auxiliaries and technicians at the surgical centers of three hospitals. The data collection instrument consisted of 28 affirmative statements (15 true and 13 false) encompassing factors related to the patient, the surgical team, the environment, and procedures. The statements contain a three-point scale (I agree, I am in doubt, I disagree). We received 72% of adequate answers and 28% of non-adequate, which indicates that perioperative nursing professionals have satisfactory knowledge of hospital infection control. In the items use of safety footwear, rings and other objects, hair as a pathogen, hand scrubbing, use of humid gown and surgical area, infected surgery and cleaning routine, occupational diseases, hospital infection, surgical site infection and surgery time we were able to detect myths and rituals about infection control, which are mainly related to the culture of those who practice them, thus perpetuating resistance to change.