Emilia Campos de Carvalho

CHILDHOOD BURN INJURIES: CIRCUMSTANCES OF OCCURRENCES AND THEIR PREVENTION IN RIBEIRAO PRETO, BRAZIL

The objectives of this study were to verify which circumstances are present in burn accidents of patients under 12 years of age and to gather information to ground strategies to prevent those accidents. Parents or guardians of 26 patients aged under 12 years, admitted to the burns unit of the Clinical Hospital of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Brazil, were interviewed, from March 1996 to March 1997. Fifty percent of the injured children were under 3 years of age and had suffered a scald. The kitchen and the backyard were identified as the places where the majority of accidents (84.6%) happened. At least one parent was present in 80.7% of cases. The results speak for the necessity of implementation of programs to prevent burn accidents, focusing on the domestic setting, chiefly activities in the kitchen.

Stress in the professional practice of oncology nurses.

Oncology nurses have been identified as a group at risk for stress. This project aimed at identifying stress-generating situations. There was an attempt at identifying stressful situations through the application of a stress evaluation scale (Stressor Scale for Pediatric Oncology Nursing) (Hinds et al, Cancer Nurs. 1990;13:354-360). In the opinion of 35 oncology nurses, 88.57% of whom were women and 73% of whom had more than 24 months of experience, 38 out of the 50 analyzed statements involving work situations were considered stressful in some way. Fifty-four percent of the statements disclosed a medium or high stressor capacity, and 22% were seen as extremely high stressors. These situations were included in the categories “work organization,” “relationships among staff members,” and “care restrictions.” It is reiterated that the set of activities developed by oncology nurses is stressful, and that there is a need for institutional intervention, due to the narrow relation between work environment and care results.

Effect of a video on developing skills in undergraduate nursing students for the management of totally implantable central venous access ports

BACKGROUND Handling Totally Implantable Access Ports (TIAP) is a nursing procedure that requires skill and knowledge to avoid adverse events. No studies addressing this procedure with undergraduate students were identified prior to this study. Communication technologies, such as videos, have been increasingly adopted in the teaching of nursing and have contributed to the acquisition of competencies for clinical performance. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of a video on the puncture and heparinization of TIAP in the development of cognitive and technical competencies of undergraduate nursing students. METHOD Quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design. RESULTS 24 individuals participated in the study. Anxiety scores were kept at levels 1 and 2 in the pretest and posttest. In relation to cognitive knowledge concerning the procedure, the proportion of correct answers in the pretest was 0.14 (SD=0.12) and 0.90 in the posttest (SD=0.05). After watching the video, the average score obtained by the participants in the mock session was 27.20. CONCLUSION The use of an educational video with a simulation of puncture and heparinization of TIAP proved to be a strategy that increased both cognitive and technical knowledge. This strategy is viable in the teaching-learning process and is useful as a support tool for professors and for the development of undergraduate nursing students.

Fatores de risco em indivíduos com hipertensão arterial

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de verificar os habitos relacionados aos fatores de risco em uma populacao de portadores de hipertensao arterial. A amostra foi composta por 70 individuos, constatando-se que a maioria nao faz exercicio, nao tem atividade de lazer, havendo necessidade de programas educativos para aquisicao destes habitos .Ha lacunas de informacao, pois os clientes tem como ponto de referencia, em sua maioria, a propria experiencia, ao inves das orientacoes que recebem de varios profissionais.The aim of this research was to verify the habits related to the risk factors of one population with arterial hypertension. Seventy individuals were interviewed. Authors found that the majority do not practice any kind of physical exercise, they do not have leisure activities and need education programs to acquire these habits. There are gaps in information, because they have their own experience as a reference, in spite of the orientations they received from several professionals.

A dor da queimadura: terrível para quem sente, estressante para quem cuida

The goals of the study were to understand the cultural meaning that the nursing team and burn patients attribute to burn pain. Participant observations were carried out during one year at a Burn Unit. Semi-structured interviews with four nurses, five nursing auxiliaries and 12 patients were recorded. The burn pain is understood by nurses as physical and emotional pain. For professionals and patients, bath and dressing changes are stressful. For patients, burn pain is terrible and they can not explain it. However, they feel they should hold it up.The goals of the study were to understand the cultural meaning that the nursing team and burn patients attribute to burn pain. Participant observations were carried out during one year at a Burn Unit. Semi-structured interviews with four nurses, five nursing auxiliaries and 12 patients were recorded. The burn pain is understood by nurses as physical and emotional pain. For professionals and patients, bath and dressing changes are stressful. For patients, burn pain is terrible and they can not explain it. However, they feel they should hold it up.Os objetivos deste foram identificar os significados culturais atribuidos pela equipe de enfermagem as manifestacoes de dor apresentadas pelos pacientes portadores de queimaduras e identificar as percepcoes dos pacientes frente a dor provocada pela queimadura e a assistencia de enfermagem prestada nestas situacoes. Foram realizadas observacoes participantes e entrevistados quatro enfermeiros, cinco auxiliares e 12 pacientes, em uma unidade de queimados. A dor da queimadura foi compreendida pelos enfermeiros como: fisica e emocional. Para todos os profissionais o banho e curativo sao procedimentos estressantes. Para os pacientes a dor e terrivel e nao pode ser explicada, mas necessita ser suportada.

Condições ergonômicas do trabalho da equipe de enfermagem em unidade de internação de cardiologia

Com o objetivo de analisar as condicoes ergonomicas da situacao de trabalho do pessoal de enfermagem em uma unidade de internacao hospitalar, utilizamos como pressuposto metodologico a globalidade da situacao experienciada atraves da analise de seus elementos quais sejam: o homem (trabalhador de enfermagem), a atividade de trabalho (tarefas prescritas, atividades reais e postos de trabalho) e o ambiente (temperatura, ruido e iluminacao). Buscando a demanda para a investigacao identificamos a unidade de Cardiologia como local para realizacao da pesquisa. Os resultados apontaram que as condicoes de trabalho na unidade estudada sao insatisfatorias e que o trabalhador enfrenta problemas relacionados a inadequacao de: salario, postos de trabalho, relacionamento, organizacao de trabalho, formacao e atividades executadas. Diante da situacao experenciada sugerimos algumas recomendacoes.Aiming at finding out the ergonomics conditions of the nursing personnel in a hospital admission unit, the authors utilized as a methodological presupposition the search for a global experienced work situation through the analysis of some elements as: the man (nursing worker); the work activity (prescribed duty, real activities and work position) and the environment (temperature, noise and illumination). The authors selected the Cardiology admission unit for the site of their research. The results verified that the nursing workers the mentioned unit face problems related to salaries, work installations, relationship, work organization, levels of formation and the activities executed. The authors suggested some recommendations.

Validação do diagnóstico de enfermagem Angústia Espiritual: análise por especialistas

Objective: To validate the nursing diagnosis Spiritual anguish. Methods: Using the methodological framework proposed by Fehring was utilized a semi-structured questionnaire answered by a sample of 72 nurses, to evaluate the title, definition and defining characteristics of the diagnosis Spiritual anguish, as well as the classification in the Taxonomy II North American Nursing Diagnosis Association. Results: The best area to classify the studied diagnosis according to the expert nurses was the Domain 10; however the Domain classes need to be reviewed. Spirituality impaired proved to be a fitting title for the investigated concept. The validation identified seven defining characteristics as important indicators of clinical diagnosis; the feature - is not interested in nature - was considered little relevant. The total score of diagnosis was 0.72, therefore was considered validated. Conclusion: The new proposal submitted to explaining the phenomenon under study was considered relevant. This study may provide insight to validate clinically, diagnostics investigated.Objective: To validate the nursing diagnosis Spiritual anguish. Methods: Using the methodological framework proposed by Fehring was utilized a semi-structured questionnaire answered by a sample of 72 nurses, to evaluate the title, definition and defining characteristics of the diagnosis Spiritual anguish, as well as the classification in the Taxonomy II North American Nursing Diagnosis Association. Results: The best area to classify the studied diagnosis according to the expert nurses was the Domain 10; however the Domain classes need to be reviewed. Spirituality impaired proved to be a fitting title for the investigated concept. The validation identified seven defining characteristics as important indicators of clinical diagnosis; the feature is not interested in nature was considered little relevant. The total score of diagnosis was 0.72, therefore was considered validated. Conclusion: The new proposal submitted to explaining the phenomenon under study was considered relevant. This study may provide insight to validate clinically, diagnostics investigated.

Contribuição das linguagens padronizadas para a produção do conhecimento, raciocínio clínico e prática clínica da Enfermagem

The standardized language systems are important tools for dealing with the increasing complexity of nursing care. In this article the authors present the main benefits that the use of these systems provide for the required clinical reasoning in nursing care, the construction and organization of knowledge of the discipline, and for the clinical practice of nursing. The potential contributions of the standardized language systems in these fields stem from the fact that these systems provide a formal structure for supporting clinical reasoning, organizing knowledge and nursing experience.Los sistemas de lenguajes estandarizados son herramientas importantes para hacer frente a la creciente complejidad de los cuidados de enfermeria. En este articulo los autores presentan los principales beneficios que el uso de estos sistemas ofrece para el razonamiento clinico requerido en los cuidados de enfermeria, para la construccion y organizacion del conocimiento de la disciplina, y para la practica clinica de la enfermeria. Las posibles contribuciones de los sistemas de lenguajes estandarizados en estos ambitos se derivan del hecho de que estos sistemas proporcionan una estructura formal para apoyar el raciocinio clinico, organizar la experiencia y los conocimientos de enfermeria.The standardized language systems are important tools for dealing with the increasing complexity of nursing care. In this article the authors present the main benefits that the use of these systems provide for the required clinical reasoning in nursing care, the construction and organization of knowledge of the discipline, and for the clinical practice of nursing. The potential contributions of the standardized language systems in these fields stem from the fact that these systems provide a formal structure for supporting clinical reasoning, organizing knowledge and nursing experience.

Clinical validation of impaired spirituality in patients with chronic renal disease

This study aimed to identify and validate the defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis Impaired spirituality. The methodological framework proposed by Fehring for the clinical validation of nursing diagnosis was used. The investigation was carried out in a dialysis clinic and had as participants 120 patients with chronic renal disease. Data were collected by two expert nurses, through interviews. The prevalence of the nursing diagnosis Impaired spirituality in the sample was 27.5%. It was found that the most frequent defining characteristics were Expresses behavioral changes: rage, Inability to express creativity, Questions suffering and Expresses alienation. The clinical validation of Impaired spirituality contributed to refine this diagnosis. Its identification in patients with chronic renal disease undergoing dialysis treatment can offer alternatives for a safer and more effective intervention, aiming at the satisfaction of the spiritual needs of these patients.Este estudio tuvo por objetivo identificar y validar las caracteristicas definidoras del diagnostico de enfermeria espiritualidad perjudicada. Fue utilizado el marco metodologico propuesto por Fehring para validacion clinica del diagnostico de enfermeria. La investigacion se realizo en una clinica de hemodialisis y conto con la participacion de 120 pacientes con enfermedad renal cronica. Los datos fueron recolectados por dos enfermeros especialistas, por medio de entrevistas. La prevalencia del diagnostico de enfermeria espiritualidad perjudicada, en la muestra, fue de 27,5%. Se constato que las caracteristicas definidoras mas frecuentes fueron: expresa alteracion de comportamiento: rabia, es incapaz de expresar creatividad, cuestiona sufrimiento y expresa alienacion. La validacion clinica de espiritualidad perjudicada contribuyo para el refinamiento de ese diagnostico y su identificacion, en pacientes con enfermedad renal cronica en hemodialisis; este puede ofrecer alternativas para una intervencion mas segura y eficaz, con el objetivo de satisfacer las necesidades espirituales de esos pacientes.

Coping religioso/espiritual em pessoas com doença renal crônica em tratamento hemodialítico

The objective of the present study is to investigate the use of religious/spiritual coping mechanisms in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis, by means of interviews using a sociodemographic questionnaire and the religious/spiritual coping scale. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. A total of 123 individuals were interviewed, 79.6% of whom presented a high score for religious/spiritual coping and none of whom presented low or irrelevant scores. The variables that affected the religious/spiritual coping behavior were: gender, age group, treatment time, family income, and religious practice. In conclusion, the participants used religious/spiritual coping mechanisms as a strategy to cope with the disease, particularly women with a higher family income who attend church every week.The objective of the present study is to investigate the use of religious/spiritual coping mechanisms in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis, by means of interviews using a sociodemographic questionnaire and the religious/spiritual coping scale. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. A total of 123 individuals were interviewed, 79.6% of whom presented a high score for religious/spiritual coping and none of whom presented low or irrelevant scores. The variables that affected the religious/spiritual coping behavior were: gender, age group, treatment time, family income, and religious practice. In conclusion, the participants used religious/spiritual coping mechanisms as a strategy to cope with the disease, particularly women with a higher family income who attend church every week.