Nina Kononenko

Persistent traditions in the face of natural disasters: Stemmed and waisted stone tools in late Holocene New Britain, Papua New Guinea

Abstract Studies of the technology and function of small retouched stemmed and waisted stone tools from late Holocene sites in central New Britain provide a powerful means for monitoring the effects of the massive W-K2 volcanic eruption (3480–3150 cal BP), after which pottery occurs in this region for the first time. Use-wear and residue studies show that these tools were used for processing soft starchy plant materials (tubers and wood) and cutting and piercing skin. Despite the catastrophically destructive event, results indicate cultural continuity, most likely by descendants of the original population, rather than population replacement or major cultural change. These results contribute to the ongoing debate about possible migration from Island Southeast Asia c.3400 years ago.

Revisiting Rapa Nui Mata'a

Abstract:Based on a use-wear and residue analysis of a collection of 12 matā in the Australian Museum, Sydney, we question the value of relying on tool shape as an adequate indication of past use. Although the tools in this collection were used for a broad range of tasks, including plant processing, wood, shell and bone working, and cutting and piercing of flesh or skin, some may have been used in interpersonal conflict. The study illustrates the value of museum ethnographic collections for understanding past tool use.

Chapter 11:Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Obsidian

Obsidian is a natural glass produced when volcanic lava rapidly cools through the glass transition temperature and freezes, not permitting sufficient time for crystal growth.1 The amorphous and isotropic nature of obsidian means that when force is applied it fractures in a highly predictable manner ...