Noor Wijayahadi

Annona muricata modulate brain-CXCL10 expression during cerebral malaria phase

Cerebral malaria (CM) contributes in malaria mortality. People in endemic region get benefices by using A. muricata-leaf extract (AME) before qualified for receiving standard anti-malaria, because AME restrains malaria infection and modulate immune responses. CXCL10 expressed by astrocytes limit brain inflammation. Vascular leakage was found in the brain of experimental CM. Additionally, biomarker related with vascular leakage, angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) levels increase in CM-patients. Objectives of this study were to determine the efficacy of ethanolic-AME in regulating brain-CXCL10-expression and Ang-2 levels during CM-phase. The study was post-test-only-control-group design. Thirty Swiss-mice were randomly divided in 6 groups. C+ and C- groups were PbA-inoculated and healthy-mice, respectively. X1 and X2 groups were healthy-mice treated with AME 100 and 150 mg/Kg BW/day, respectively. X3 and X4 groups were PbA-inoculated and received either dose mentioned above. CXCL10 was stained by IHC, and determined by Allred score. Plasma-Ang-2 was measured by elisa-method. Kruskal-Wallis-test showed the difference of CXCL10-expression among the studied groups (p=0.003). CXCL10-expression of C+ group was lower than healthy-mice which were C-, X1 and X2 groups (p=0.008, p=0.045, and p=0.012). CXCL10-expression of X3 was comparable to healthy mice (C-, X1 and X2), and was higher than C+ and X4 groups (p=0.012 and p=0.028). CXCL10-expression of X4 group was lower than C- and X2 groups (p=0.011 and p=0.016). Kruskal-Wallis-test showed no difference of Ang-2-levels among 6 groups (p = 0.175). The conclusion is A. muricata influences brain-CXCL10 expression during CM phase, but has no association with Ang-2 levels during CM phase.

Korelasi Kadar Seng Serum dan Bangkitan Kejang Demam

Latar belakang. Kejang demam merupakan kelainan saraf tersering pada anak. Sekitar 2%-5% anak di bawah umur 5 tahun pernah mengalami kejang demam. Prognosis kejang demam baik, namun mengkhawatirkan orang tua. Penelitian tentang hubungan kadar seng serum dengan bangkitan kejang demam belum banyak dilakukan. Tujuan. Membuktikan korelasi kadar seng serum dan bangkitan kejang demam. Metode. Penelitian kasus kontrol dengan subyek penelitian anak berumur 3 bulan-5 tahun di RS Dr.Kariadi pada April 2009–Maret 2010, kelompok kasus dengan bangkitan kejang demam dan kelompok kontrol dengan demam tanpa kejang. Kadar seng serum diperiksa di laboratorium GAKI FK UNDIP dengan metode atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Data dianalisis dengan uji Chi-square, korelasi Spearman, dan analisis determinan. Hasil . Subyek penelitian 72 pasien, 36 kelompok kasus dan 36 kelompok kontrol. Rerata kadar seng kelompok kasus 111,73 U0010004dg/mL dan kelompok kontrol 114,56 U0010004dg/mL (p=0,33). Tidak terdapat korelasi antara kadar seng serum dengan bangkitan kejang demam (r=0.114;p>0,05). Analisis determinan menunjukkan urutan besarnya kontribusi faktor genetik (0,548), infeksi berulang (0,493), riwayat penyulit kehamilan-persalinan (0,364), suhu (0,309), gangguan perkembangan otak (0.141), kadar seng serum (-0,102), umur (-0,041) dengan confusion matrix 81,9% untuk prediksi. Kesimpulan . Rerata kadar seng serum pada bangkitan kejang demam lebih rendah dibanding tanpa kejang demam, namun tidak bermakna. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara kadar seng serum dengan bangkitan kejang demam. Kadar seng serum bersama faktor genetik, infeksi berulang, penyulit dalam kehamilan maupun persalinan, suhu badan, gangguan perkembangan otak, dan umur dapat digunakan sebagai prediktor bangkitan kejang demam meskipun memiliki peranan kecil.