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Reactive Polymers | 1994

Polystyrene-supported ammonium fluoride as a catalyst for several base-catalyzed reactions

Noritaka Ohtani; Yukihiko Inoue; Akira Nomoto; Shigeyuki Ohta

Abstract Lightly crosslinked polystyrenes with ammonium chlorides were ion-exchanged to a fluoride form. The fluoride polymers functioned as good catalysts for several base-catalyzed reactions, such as cyanoethylation, Knoevenagel reaction, Claisen condensation and Michael addition. Their catalytic activity was comparable to that of tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF). The factors controlling the catalytic efficiency for the reaction between ethyl acetoacetate and benzaldehyde were examined in detail. Ionic loading and ammonio structure of the fluoride polymers hardly affected the catalytic efficiency. The reaction was fast in a non-polar solvent, such as octane or toluene. The solvent effect was very similar to that of nucleophilic substitution reactions. These results suggest that the rate-determining step of the base-catalyzed reaction is not the formation of a conjugate base from the reagent acid, but the attack of the nucleophilic anion on electrophiles.


Journal of The Chemical Society-perkin Transactions 1 | 2000

Thiocyanation of alkyl halides with alkyl thiocyanates in the presence of quaternary phosphonium halides

Noritaka Ohtani; Shigeki Murakawa; Kohji Watanabe; Daisuke Tsuchimoto; Daiki Sato

Alkyl thiocyanates undergo simple SN2 reactions with the counter ions of quaternary phosphonium salts in nonpolar solvents and thiocyanate ions are liberated as the leaving ion. Depending on the nucleophile, the reaction proceeded irreversibly or reversibly. The reaction of benzyl thiocyanate with azide ions afforded a quantitative yield of benzyl azide. The reactions of alkyl thiocyanates with halide ions gave an equilibrium mixture where the reverse reaction of the alkyl halides produced with the liberated thiocyanate ions took place simultaneously. Thus, thiocyanate–halide exchange reactions between an alkyl thiocyanate and an alkyl halide were possible in the presence of a catalytic amount of a quaternary salt.


Kobunshi Ronbunshu | 1995

The Metal-Catalyzed Reactions of Alanine Decyl Ester under Phase-Transfer Conditions Using Cross-Linked Polystyrenes with Acidic Groups.

Noritaka Ohtani; Yukihiko Inoue; Ichiro Takeishi; Keisuke Matsuda

カルボキシル基結合橋かけポリスチレン (PS-COOH) あるいはスルホ基結合橋かけポリスチレン (PS-SO3H) を用い, 触媒である銅 (II) イオンを水相から反応場である樹脂内に相間移動によって移動させ, アラニンデシルエステル (AlaODc) の加水分解をトルエン/銅塩水溶液/樹脂の三相系で行った. PS-SO3HよりPS-COOHを用いた方が反応は速く進行した. また, 樹脂の酸性基導入量を増すこと, 銅塩として酢酸銅 (II) を用い銅塩水溶液の濃度を増すことによって反応は加速した. アルコールあるいはトリブチルアミンを添加することにより反応は促進され, 加水分解生成物であるアラニンは反応を阻害することが分かった. 以上の結果を基にこの三相系におけるAlaODcの加水分解の反応機構を考察した.


Kobunshi Ronbunshu | 1984

Flocculation of Aqueous Kaolin Suspension with Quaternary Ammonium Salts of 2-Vinylpyridine-Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer

Hajime Serita; Noritaka Ohtani; Toshiaki Matsunaga; Chikai Kimura

2-ビニルピリジンービニルアルコール共重合体 (2VP-VA) の4級アンモニウム塩 (ポリマ-) を2VP-VAへの種々の奥化アルキルの反応により得た. 5%カオリン懸濁液に対する凝集能を沈降速度, 沈降容積そして残留濁度を測定することによりポリマーの構造との関連において研究した. 得られた結果は次の通りであった. 1) いずれのポリマーを用いた場合でも, ポリマー添加濃度が6~20ppmの範囲で良好な凝集効果が得られ, また, これらの条件下で, カオリン粒子の電気泳動移動度は比較的小さい値を示した. 2) 凝集能はi) 幹ポリマーの分子愚の増加に伴って増加し, アルキル化剤の種類よりも幹ポリマーの分子量への依存性は高かった. ii) 水酸基のイオン性基の割合, すなわち (α/FV▲) の増加に伴って増加した, 3) より鎖長の短い臭化アルキルから得られたポリマーが良好な凝集効果を示す傾向がみられた. 4) 凝集作用に適当なpHの値は2~10の範囲であった.


Journal of Polymer Science Part A | 1994

Solution viscosity behavior of polystyrene‐based cationic ionomers. Effects of ion content and solvent

Noritaka Ohtani; Yukihiko Inoue; Hiroshi Mizuoka; Kenya Itoh


Journal of Polymer Science Part A | 1995

Solution viscosity behavior of polystyrene‐based cationic ionomers: Effects of quaternary‐group structure and counter ion

Noritaka Ohtani; Yukihiko Inoue; Yasumasa Kaneko; Shinsuke Okumura


Journal of Polymer Science Part A | 1994

Reactivity and catalytic activity of cationic lonomers for the nucleophilic substitution reactions

Noritaka Ohtani; Makoto Nakaya; Kenji Shirahata; Tsuyoshi Yamashita


Langmuir | 2004

Phase behavior and phase-transfer catalysis of tetrabutylammonium salts. Interface-mediated catalysis.

Noritaka Ohtani; Tomoaki Ohta; Yasuhiro Hosoda; Tsuyoshi Yamashita


Biotechnology and Bioengineering | 1995

Transesterification catalyzed by polystyrene-supported chymotrypsin in toluene: the effect of neutralization of basic or acidic groups attaching to polystyrene resins

Noritaka Ohtani; Yukihiko Inoue; Atsushi Kobayashi


Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan | 2000

Phase Behavior of Tetrabutylammonium Salt in Aromatic Hydrocarbons or Aqueous Solutions

Noritaka Ohtani; Yasuhiro Hosoda

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