Norivaldo dos Anjos

Feeding and oviposition preferences of Ctenarytaina spatulata Taylor (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) for Eucalyptus spp. and other Myrtaceae in Brazil

Feeding and oviposition preferences of Ctenarytaina spatulata Taylor (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) for Eucalyptus spp. and other Myrtaceae in Brazil. The Australian psyllid, Ctenarytaina spatulata Taylor (Hemiptera, Psyllidae), was first detected in Brazil in 1994, where it was found on drought-affected shoots of Eucalyptus grandis in a plantation located in the northern part of Parana State. The oviposition and feeding preferences of this psyllid were examined on 19 Eucalyptus species, one Eucalyptus hybrid (Cambiju), three Corymbia species and four native Myrtaceae species (Hexaclames edulis, Marlieria edulis, Plinia trunciflora, and Psydium sp.) under greenhouse conditions. The largest populations of C. spatulata were found on E. robusta and E. pellita, while sizeable infestations were also found on E. urophylla, E. grandis, and the Cambiju hybrid. The plants with the greatest symptoms of damage were E. grandis and E. resinifera. Eucalyptus cinerea, E. benthamii, E. pilularis, and E. dunnii were not infested and E. cloeziana was minimally infested. Among the Corymbia species, the number of eggs of C. spatulata was very low on C. citriodora and C. torelliana. No eggs and nymphs of C. spatulata were found on native Brazilian Myrtaceae. The number of eggs on plants was highly correlated with the subsequent levels of nymphs, suggesting that egg counts can be used as a viable monitoring tool to assist with the integrated management of this pest.

Eficiência de armadilhas com feromônio de agregação e cana-de-açúcar na captura de Rhynchophorus palmarum (L.)

Avaliou-se a eficiencia de tres tipos de armadilha contendo, como substâncias atrativas, o feromonio de agregacao sintetico (Rhynchophorol) e toletes de cana-de-acucar, na captura de Rhynchophorus palmarum (L.). A armadilha de balde plastico de 100 L foi a mais eficiente na captura dos adultos de R. palmarum, tendo como atraente toletes de cana-de-acucar mais o feromonio. As baixas capturas obtidas apenas com o Rhynchophorol demonstraram que a presenca da fonte de cairomonios da planta e necessaria para obter-se o efeito desejado do feromonio na captura de R. palmarum. Este foi o primeiro relato de uso do feromonio Rhynchophorol em plantacoes de dende no Brasil.In this work, the efficiency of three different trap designs baited with the synthetic aggregation pheromone (Rhynchophorol) and sugar cane to capture Rhynchophorus palmarum (L.) was evaluated. The 100 L plastic basket trap baited with sugar cane plus the pheromone was the most efficient one. The poor results obtained with traps baited with the pheromone lures alone showed the need of adding a plant kairomone source to the pheromone to obtain higher captures of R. palmarum. This is the first report on the use of Rhynchophorol in Brazilian palm oil plantations.

First Host Record of Oncideres mirim Martins and Galileo, 1996 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) on Acacia mangium Willd. (Fabaceae)

ThesubfamilyLamiinae(Coleoptera:Cerambycidae) contains beetles popularly known as “twig girdlers”. The beetles receive this name because the females girdle branches, twigs, and stemsof living trees,where they lay their eggs in incisions between the bark and wood made by their mandibles (Linsley 1959). The genus Oncideres Lacordaire has the greatest number of species of twig girdling species (Monné 2002) and occurs exclusively on the American continents, ranging from the southern region of the United States to Argentina (Hovore and Penrose 1982; Di Iorio 1996). In Brazil, this genus is widely distributed, having been recorded in all territories (Peres Filho et al. 1992; Link et al. 1994; Coutinho et al. 1998; Martins and Galileo 2009; Lemes et al. 2011). Adults of Oncideres mirim Martins and Galileo, 1996 (Fig. 1A), have reddish brown integument, elytra with orange pubescence and large black spots, and are about 7 mm in length (Martins and Galileo 1996). This species has been recorded in the States of Pará and Maranhão, Brazil, but there are no records of a host plant for this beetle in the few related papers in the literature concerning this species (Martins and Galileo 1996; Martins et al. 2009). In 2010, trees of the genus Acacia Miller (Fabaceae) were the fourth most widely planted trees in Brazil, with a total of 127,601 ha. This corresponds to approximately 27.6% of the Brazilian forest crops, excluding the genera Eucalyptus L’Héritier de Brutelle and Pinus L. In Brazilian plantations, the most frequently planted species are Acacia mearnsii De Wild. and Acacia mangium Willd. (ABRAF 2011). Twig girdlers are one of the major pests of Acacia, and have been reported causing damage in Acacia plantations across the American continents (Vulcano and Pereira 1978; Rice 1989;Rodriguez-del-Bosque andGarza-Cedillo 2008; Cordeiro et al. 2010a). Based on the importance of twig girdlers as pests of Acacia in several countries, including Brazil, the objective of this work was to document the first occurrence of O. mirim using A. mangium in plantations as a host. We also describe the damage caused by this insect on this new host plant. Branches girdled by O. mirim (Fig. 1B) were collected from a 98.13-ha plot of A. mangium trees plantedwith spacing of 3.5 × 2.5mand 12months old. This plantation was located in the city of Natividade, in southeastern Tocantins, Brazil (11°57′30′′S,

Primeiro registro de Chalcodermus bicolor (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) em plantios de eucalipto

This research aimed to record, for the first time, the damage caused by a pruner beetle on hybrid eucalypts cloned trees (Eucalyptus urophylla vs. E. grandis), located in Bahia and Espirito Santo States, Brazil. The specie was determined as Chalcodermus bicolor Fiedler, 1936 (Curculionidae: Molytinae). The female prunes the tree shoot and lays a single egg inside a small hole, just below the incision point. Eucalypt is the first host recorded to this pruner beetle specie.

Spatial distribution of a chrysomelid leaf beetle (Cadmus excrementarius Suffrian) and potential damage in a Eucalyptus globulus subsp. globulus plantation

Summary The spatial distribution of the chrysomelid beetle Cadmus excrementarius Suffrian and associated damage was studied in a 9-mo-old bluegum plantation (Eucalyptus globulus subsp. globulus Labill.), growing at Rocky Gully in south-western Australia. Adult beetles had a clumped distribution between trees, with beetle numbers being significantly positively correlated with tree size. Beetles were also aggregated within trees, with over 92% present in the upper crown. Defoliation in the upper crown was greater than for the lower crown, and ranged from 0 to 50% of total upper crown foliage, averaging 6.3%. This damage was significantly correlated with tree size and number of beetles. Female beetles consumed significantly more foliage over 48 h (2.9 ± 0.4 cm) than the smaller males (0.8 ± 0.1 cm). A regression model exploring the relationship between beetle numbers and cumulative foliage consumption was developed. It predicts that 31 or more beetles could completely defoliate the upper crown within 3 mo.

Ocorrência de Naupactus cervinus (Boheman) em cafezal na região da Zona da Mata Mineira

Naupactus cervinus is a species highly polyphagous that has already been registered causing damages to many crops in several States of Brazil. This paper aims to register, for the first time, the occurrence of N. cervinus in coffee trees in the State of Minas Gerais, as well as to describe damages and infestation in a coffee plantation. An infestation was observed in a coffee sprout re-plantation, variety Catuai, in the area of Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais. In feeding, adults of N. cervinus cut out the borders of tender leaves giving them an aspect of moon in first quarter. One verified an average of 2,1 ± 0,3 insects for tree and the majority of analyzed plants was inside the class of plants with less than 25% of attacked leaves.

Primeiro registro de Oligonychus yothersi (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) em Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden no Brasil

An infestation of the red spider mite was reported in clone seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden under greenhouse conditions, in the municipality of Martinho Campos, Minas Gerais State. The spider mite was found on the leaf upper faces with signs of sap suction and bronzing. Such injuries caused abnormal development and plant death. The spider mite was identified as Oligonychus yothersi (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae). This is the first record of O. yothersi on E. grandis seedlings in Brazil.

Comportamento reprodutivo de Spermologus rufus Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Spermologus rufus Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is an insect which attacks cacao nuts, oleaginous pits and Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) Kuntze seeds. In this study the reproductive behavior of S. rufus was investigated to provide useful knowledge to support control measures of this insect. Research was carried out under laboratory conditions. Twenty-two couples of newly emerged adults were individualized in Wheaton flasks containing A. angustifolia seeds for oviposition and feeding. Mating was observed every day until the insects died. Females oviposited in the seeds; 80.4% of these seeds had only one egg. Eggs were mostly found in the median and more enlarged region of the seed and at the insertion point. Pre-oviposition period was, on average, 11.1±7.5 days and the oviposition period lasted 118.1±42.3 days. Most of the egg laying occurred between 0:00 and 8:00 am. Eggs were laid isolated and each female laid, on average, 146.7±43.9 eggs. After 60, 120 and 240 days after emergence, respectively, 80%, 90% and 10% of virgin females copulated and generated descendants, in relation to the control, where 90% copulated and generated descendants.

Bioecology of Oncideres ocularis Thomson (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) on Acacia mangium Willd. (Fabaceae)

Abstract Twig girdlers are beetles that girdle branches and trunks of living trees so that they can deposit their eggs in incisions made by their mandibles. There are few studies about the biology and ecology of the girdler Oncideres ocularis Thomson, which is considered a potential pest of forest plantations that can cause injuries to tree species of the family Fabaceae. The objective of this study was to increase knowledge related to the biological phases and the ecological patterns of girdling and oviposition of O. ocularis. Field studies were conducted at four plantations of Acacia mangium Willd located in the cities of Coimbra and Viçosa, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The incubation period of eggs was 12.1 ± 0.2 (SE) days and viability was 61% (n  =  70). The number of egg incisions per girdled branch was 17.27 ± 1.0. The great number of eggs was laid in the mid-basal and middle sections of branch with a mean of 5.80 ± 0.38 and 4.97 ± 0.3 eggs on these portions. The base diameter of the girdled branches was 9.88 mm ± 0.18 and the mean length was 99.21 cm ± 2.23. A girdled branch by O. ocularis led to an average loss of leaf area of 4233.05 cm2 per tree that corresponds to 0.46% of total leaf area. Other beetles that emerged from the girdled branches were Engyum quadrinotatum (Thomson), Orthostema abdominale (Gyllenhal), Nesozineus bucki (Breuning) and Lepturges sp.

Biologia da broca-do-livro Tricorynus herbarius (Gorham) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) em duas dietas diferentes

ABSTRACT - Tricorynus herbarius (Gorham) is a potential bibliophagous insect, especially for rarebooks due to paper constituents of them. There are few studies with regards to the biology of thisinsect, perhaps because T. herbarius feeds on different resources, being this study an important featureto control the pest. The biological parameters of T. herbarius were studied in two different diets:blotting paper and wheat meal plus yeast extract. Four instars were obtained on both diets. The lengthof the larval period and adult longevity were shorter while the pupal period was longer when the insectsfed on blotting paper. In both diets mortality was high, over 50%. Female fecundity was 3.3 ± 3.93 eggsper female for blotting paper and 12.1 ± 12.61 for wheat meal plus yeast extract. The sex rate was 0.5 forboth diets. Wheat meal plus yeast extract is the best diet for rearing the book borer T. herbarius.KEY WORDS: Bibliophagous insect, diet, insect control, libraryRESUMO - Tricorynus herbarius (Gorham) e uma potencial praga de livros, especialmente em obrasraras devido a composicao do papel destas. Ha carencia de trabalhos referentes a sua biologia,principalmente por se tratar de um inseto que apresenta varios habitos alimentares, sendo esse estudouma etapa fundamental para o controle do inseto. Assim, a biologia de T. herbarius foi estudada eminsetos mantidos em duas dietas diferentes: papel mata-borrao e farelo de trigo mais levedura de cerveja.Quatro instares foram obtidos em ambas dietas. A duracao do periodo larval e a longevidade dosadultos foram mais curtas e a duracao do periodo pupal foi maior quando os insetos foram mantidos empapel mata-borrao. Em ambas dietas a mortalidade foi alta, sempre acima de 50%. A fecundidade observadapara as femeas foi de 3,3 ± 3,93 ovos/femea em papel mata-borrao e 12,1 ± 12,61 em farelo de trigo. Arazao sexual foi 0,5 para ambas dietas. A dieta de farelo de trigo mais levedura de cerveja mostrou-se amais adequada para criacao de T. herbarius .PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Biblioteca, controle de pragas, dieta, inseto bibliofagoAnobiidae sao insetos xilofagos cujas especies saoconsideradas de importância economica porque atacamsubstâncias dessecadas ou produtos manufaturados denatureza vegetal ou animal (Costa-Lima 1953).Juntamente com especies de Dermestidae, Isoptera,Blattaria e Thysanura, os Anobiidae degradam arquivos ebibliotecas desde a antiguidade, sendo conhecidos comoinsetos bibliofagos (Guimaraes 1989). Destroem mais materiaisbibliograficos do que incendios e inundacoes, sendoTricorynus herbarius (Gorham) a especie mais devastadorade livros (Carrera 1981). Alem de livros, T. herbarius e pragade couros, graos armazenados e madeira (White 1965). Devidoao seu habito alimentar diversificado, sua proliferacao seestendeu em varias areas tropicais e foi considerada uma daspragas de maior importância em algumas delas (White 1974).T. herbarius ja foi constatada em bibliotecas do Rio deJaneiro, Sao Paulo e Minas Gerais podendo assim ocorrer emoutras bibliotecas do Brasil (Guimaraes 1989).O ataque de T. herbarius em livros foi relatado por Faria(1919), Sawaya (1955), Lelis (1980) e Carrera (1981).Apesar do potencial de T. herbarius como praga de livros,especialmente em obras raras devido a composicao do papeldestas, ha carencia de trabalhos referentes a sua biologia,principalmente por se tratar de um inseto que apresenta varioshabitos alimentares. O estudo da biologia de T. herbarius euma etapa fundamental para o controle do inseto permitindo