Norzailawati Mohd Noor

Sustainable urban planning mapping using remote sensing and GIS in Malaysia

This study discusses the applicability of remote sensing and GIS techniques to classify urban land uses in Malaysia based on object-oriented classification, in order to extract the three components of urban areas, namely residential, commercial and industrial. The areas of interest in this study is Kuala Lumpur. The satellite data of SPOT 5 with fine spatial resolution of 2.5 meter and temporal resolution are tested. E-cognition software develops the rule sets of thematic layer attributes to extract the types of land use. The result shows that the three land use types are clearly identified, with low standard deviation of the classification. The variation is not too dispersed from the mean which proves that the result is acceptable. The findings also show that there have been some changes in the total acreage of recent classification due to the rapid development in the study area. Finally, the application of the object-oriented classification confirms the effectiveness of using remote sensing and GIS techniques in classifying urban land uses. This study also put forth some questions for future researches, which can help strengthen the potentials of remote sensing applications, especially in regards of further explorations of urban issues at various administration levels.

Street network analysis by spot imagery for urban morphology study: case study: Melaka

This paper is based on the study of morphological changes in Melaka, Malaysia. In order to identify the morphology of this city, the street network has been studied to determine the evolutionary of urban form and structure. The objective of this paper is to examine the movement and direction of the street pattern in influenced the morphology of the city from the year 1993 to 2016. Three series of satellite images on the years 1993, 2005 and 2015 from SPOT satellite have been used in detecting the development of street network pattern aided by remote sensing and GIS software. By extracting the street in 20 years of development, a comparison of the street pattern will be taken into consideration to examine the direction of the expansion of Melaka city. The finding shows that the street expansion grows fast as the more settlements were built along this process, and the expansion was merely influenced by the location of the site which near to Malacca Straits and as a port for trade sector. Furthermore, the movement of streets is expanding inwards to the inner city and along the shoreline. Finally, this study shows a street network as one of the principle elements in the urbanization process, and it provides an understanding key on how cities are formed and developed in order to achieve a resilient city.

Controlling leapfrog sprawl with remote sensing and GIS application for sustainable urban planning

This paper aims to measure and characterise urban sprawl development in Kuala Lumpur city using leapfrog geospatial indices. The researcher utilised remote sensing satellite data such as Landsat and Spot images for two different times. The remote sensing application was subsequently integrated with GIS database to detect changes and analyse the pattern of growth for urban areas in Kuala Lumpur. From the finding of land use change detection, the leapfrog sprawl index was calculated by using geospatial indices formula. The results proved that Kuala Lumpur is the most highly developed city in Malaysia with new development is leapfrogging towards the periphery of the city and infill development pattern seemingly increase vastly filling up the leapt areas cause by leapfrog sprawl. Improper planning will create this type of urban sprawl that is predicted to expand beyond the border towards other states locating adjacent to Kuala Lumpur which is now called Greater Kuala Lumpur. The current scenario has become an absolute threat towards Malaysia planning goal to achieve sustainable urban planning development.

UAV/drone zoning in urban planning: review on legals and privacy

The use of drones or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in commercial applications has the potential to dramatically alter several industries, and, in the process, change our attitudes and behaviors regarding their impact on our daily life. This paper attempts to review a legal and privacy in urban planning context regards to the use of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)/drones provided by international and local approached. It is including studied an impacts of these existing policies to the usage of drones in the urban planning context. The review consists of comparing an existing law, prohibition, restriction, and guideline in drone operation to preserve safety and security of the people, property, and environment. Few items need to be measure in designing the zones such as safety, security, and privacy based on the technical and airspace aspects. Thus, by evaluating existing laws and regulations practiced in countries around the world, it will assist in designing drone zoning especially in Malaysia which able to manage urban planning practices and to regulate a general guidelines of zoning drone based on banned/prohibited, restricted, and allowed/controlled zones within the urban context and ensuring the livability and resiliency of cities.

Constructing and Modeling 3D GIS Model in City Engine for Traditional Malay City

Malay urbanization is one of the oldest urbanization in the human history. Traditional Malay also refers to the Malay races which full of custom, heritage, and also full with decency values while Traditional Malay City refers to the Malay City which establish before the British colonial era. Traditional Malay City have their own way of socioeconomic aspect without adapting the Western influence. The formation of the Malay settlement and Malay Traditional Cities has their own uniqueness and specialty in terms of social life and integration between the land uses and building. Rapid development and uses of geographic information system (GIS) as a tool in urban planning nowadays have pushed the GIS technique further in visualization and presentation of urban planning data. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to study on the formation and constructing the existing Traditional Malay city.

Developing dengue index through the integration of crowdsourcing approach (X-Waba)

This research aims at improving the existing dengue indices by developing an algorithm that would use the variables affecting positively the vector’s lifecycle and monitoring them daily to generate an improved Dengue Index that would help forewarn on the high possibility of a dengue outbreak. Researchers attempted to identify the factors influencing the behaviour of the mosquito carrier of the virus in the epidemiological context by generating indices based on the number of mosquitos caught in a given number of traps set within a small urban area or based on the number of mosquitoes found in a household. The House (premises) Index (HI), the Container Index (CI) and the Breteau Index (BI) have been described as not effective in predicting dengue outbreaks. The main drawback of these methods is the fact that they do not consider other variables associated with the vector’s lifecycle, landing habit and geographical extents. The developed index would use crowdsourcing data as an additional tool for the citizens to get involved in providing spatial information and specific attributes for more accurate predictions. Using the data published by the ministry of health Malaysia in the years of 2014 and 2015 for the state of Selangor, the federal territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya compared with other data; namely, the temperatures, rainfall and moon cycles. Our findings using the time series method of the improved dengue index show a correlation with the dengue cases time series. The crowdsourcing app would in the future further enhance the identification of the hot spots with high dengue fever probabilities. In conclusion, displaying spatially on a map such forecasts approximately 50 days before the occurrence of the outbreak would be beneficial for authorities to carry out preventive measures.

Remote sensing UAV/drones and its applications for urban areas: a review

The rapid development and growth of drones as a remote sensing platforms as well as advances in the miniaturization of instruments and data systems, have resulted in an increasing uptake of this technology in the urban areas and remote sensing social community. This paper attempt to review a development of UAV/Drone remote sensing applications in urban areas and it can resolve issues respectively. The classification, design methods and challenges has been discussed appropriately and at the end we suit to urban applications. We found that the evolution of UAV/drone based remote sensing is efficient to solve an urban issues nowadays simultaneously ensure the sustainability and resiliency of urban areas.

Integrating satellite temporal analysis for urban morphology study in Melaka

The main objective of this paper is to analyse the changes in land use at Melaka city by different of interval times, which are 1993, 2005 and 2015. Morphology study can be obtained by conducting an analysis through using remotely sensed imagery from SPOT satellite images that offers a great opportunity for measuring and describing the urban morphology. Three classes of land use; built up, green area and water bodies, were successfully classified by using supervised classification method. The changes and expansion of Malacca city in land use changes within 22 years become tremendously develop. Overall accuracy assessment achieved 75% above and the changes of each class were quantified by MapInfo Professional. Built-up area increased from 47% to 56% at the year 1993 and 2005. But then, decreased to 53% in 2015. As for the green area, it significantly increasing from 39% to 41%. Meanwhile, water bodies were decreased because more development happened along the Sg Melaka and Malacca Strait. In conclusion, by monitoring the land use changes in the historical city, it would be a greater help for researcher and authority to control the development of the city in order to create a resilient and sustainable city that offers a good life quality to people.

Drone 3D mapping in identifying Malay urban form: case study of Kota Bharu

Malay city was one of the oldest civilization in the world which contains unique identity of architecture, the urban design characteristic and the urban form of city planning. Kota Bharu was an example for one of the Malay city which contains the historical building which originally build from 1840 onwards that still exist in peninsular Malaysia. The location of the a few main and significant historical building scattered around the Istana Balai Besar Kelantan proved that, the area was one of the originally Malay city existed in Malaysia. This paper attempt to map an urban form and identify a historical building in Kota Bharu using Multirotor drone. Phantom 3 was used to carry out the aerial mapping and further proceed for 3D modelling at 500meter radius from the centre of study area Istana Balai Besar. the analysis of current pattern of the city, distribution of the land use and building height for the study area shows that the area still preserve the traditional Malay city element and shows the different in urban pattern between the Malay traditional city and area with the influence from the British government and planning for the area. This result proof that the use of drone in mapping and modelling helps in analyse for the urban form and building height for city area in collecting data especially for the aerial mapping. The integration between Urban Planning, GIS, and 3D are highlighted as the platform for the analysis tool and data storage.

Leveraging of remote sensing and GIS on mapping in urban and regional planning applications

While remote sensing applications represent a major though still underused source of urban data, the proposed combination between remote sensing and Geo-information System (GIS) in urban and regional planning is not fully explored. In order to measure changes in land use, the need of platform in monitoring, recording, and predicting the changes is necessary for planners and developers. In advance technology of mapping process, remote sensing and GIS as tools for urban planning are already recognised. But, due to lack of implementation and awareness about the benefits of these tools, these terms look unusual. Therefore, this paper reviews the history of remote sensing and GIS in urban applications, technical skills and the challenges, and future development of remote sensing and GIS especially for urban development particularly in developing countries.