Nrip Kishore Pankaj

Induction of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in rats chronically exposed to cypermethrin through dermal application

Present study was undertaken to study the effect of cypermethrin on oxidative stress after chronic dermal application. The insecticide was applied dermally at 50 mg/kg body weight in different groups of Wistar rats of either sex weighing 150~200 g. Significant (p < 0.05) increase in catalase activity was observed after 30 days of exposure. However, the superoxide dismutase activity declined significantly after 60 days of exposure. The activity of glutathione peroxidase and blood glutathione levels declined significantly (p < 0.05) after 30 days of cypermethrin dermal application. However, the activity of glutathione S-transferase increased significantly (p < 0.05) in all groups after 60 days of dermal exposure. Significant increase in lipid peroxidation was observed from 30 days onwards and reached a peak after 120 days of application.

Protective role of L-ascorbic acid against cypermethrin-induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in Wistar rats.

Cypermethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide used for pest control in agriculture and as an acaricide in man and animals. This study was undertaken with the objective to investigate the propensity of cypermethrin to induce oxidative stress in rats following repetitive dermal exposure and its possible attenuation by L-ascorbic acid. Results obtained showed that cypermethrin significantly (p < 0.05) increased malonaldehyde levels, activity of catalase in rat erythrocytes and plasma protein levels. Whereas, activities of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the cypermethrin exposed rats as compared to the control. Supplementation of L-ascorbic acid in cypermethrin-exposed rats decreased lipid peroxidation of erythrocytes, total plasma protein and catalase activity significantly (p < 0.05) compared to non-cypermethrin-exposed group. However, L-ascorbic acid did not alleviate the negative effects of cypermethrin on the activities of SOD and GSH. This study revealed that the presence of L-ascorbic acid diminishes the adverse effects of cypermethrin on some oxidative stress parameters.

Single and multiple daily dose toxicokinetics of fluoride after oral administration of sodium fluoride in goats

The toxicokinetics of fluoride was investigated in healthy cross breed goats after single and repeated oral administration of sodium fluoride (20 mg kg−1 b.wt.) for 30 days. Serial blood samples at various predetermined time intervals were collected for plasma separation on days 1 and 30 of administration. The plasma fluoride levels were estimated by using ion selective electrode of Orion Fluoride Analyzer using 96-09 combination fluoride electrode. The plasma levels of fluoride against time were adequately described by one compartment open model. The plasma peak level of fluoride was observed for 2 h. The toxicokinetic data revealed that for last dose, the mean values of β and ClB were significantly (p < 0.01) lower, whereas, the values of t 1/2β, AUC and MRT were significantly (p < 0.05) higher from their respective first dose values. The time concentration profile of plasma fluoride levels and toxicokinetics data revealed that repeated oral administration of fluoride has a cumulative effect in the body of the goats.