Nurdiana

The Effect of Curcumin and Cotrimoxazole in Salmonella Typhimurium Infection In Vivo

Typhoid fever is a disease caused by Salmonella Typhi and commonly treated by an antimicrobial agent such as cotrimoxazole. On the other hand, herbal usage has risen as an adjunctive therapy to treat many diseases. Curcuma (Curcuma domestica) is a commonly used herb which consists of curcumin as its major active compound. Curcumin has been known for its antimicrobial effect, but there is no proof regarding the usage of curcumin and cotrimoxazole together. This research was conducted by using typhoid fever model in mice infected by Salmonella Typhimurium. Each animal was treated with curcumin, cotrimoxazole, or both. Ileum, spleen, and liver of each animal were isolated and cultured. We found that curcumin-cotrimoxazole combination therapy lowered the antimicrobial effectivity of cotrimoxazole in both intraintestinal and extraintestinal organs. We conclude that curcumin-cotrimoxazole combination therapy in typhoid fever has to be reconsidered.

Effect of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Supplementation on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients with Hypovitamin D Which Were Given Vitamin D3 towards Disease Activity (SLEDAI), IL-6, and TGF-β1 Serum

Background Curcumin contained in Curcuma xanthorrhiza is an immunomodulator that has similar biological effect as vitamin D. Combination of curcumin and vitamin D3 is expected to work synergistically. Objective To determine the effect of Curcuma xanthorrhiza supplementation on vitamin D3 administration to SLEDAI, IL-6, and TGF-β1 serum in SLE patients with hypovitamin D. Methods This was a double-blind RCT conducted in Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, in January 2016–March 2017. Subjects were SLE active (SLEDAI > 3) with levels of 25(OH)D3 ≤ 30 ng/ml and divided into two groups: those receiving cholecalciferol 3 × 400 IU and placebo 3 × 1 tablets (group I) and those receiving 3 × 400 IU cholecalciferol and Curcuma xanthorrhiza 3 × 20 mg for 3 months (group II). SLEDAI, levels of vitamin D, IL-6, and TGF-β1 in serum were evaluated before and after the treatment. Results There were no significant differences in SLEDAI reduction, decreased serum levels of IL-6, and increased levels of TGF-β1 serum among groups after the treatment. Decreased levels of serum IL-6 have a positive correlation with SLEDAI reduction. Conclusion. Curcuma xanthorrhiza supplementation on vitamin D3 had no effects on SLEDAI and serum levels of IL-6 and TGF-β1. This clinical trial is registered with NCT03155477.

The effects of genistein as antiinflammatory and antiangiogenesis in primary endometriosis cell culture

Objective To investigate whether genistein is anti-inflammation and anti-angiogenesis in endometriosis cells.

Subchronic inhalation of coal dust particulate matter 10 induces bronchoalveolar hyperplasia and decreases MUC5AC expression in male Wistar rats

Coal dust is a pollutant found in coal mines that are capable of inducing oxidative stress and inflammation, but the effects on lung metaplasia as an early step of carcinogenesis remain unknown. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of PM10 coal dust on lung histology, MUC5AC expression, epidermal growth factor (EGF) expression, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression. An experimental study was done on male Wistar rats, which were divided into the following groups: control groups exposed to coal dust for 14 days (at doses of 6.25 mg/m(3), 12.5 mg/m(3), and 25 mg/m(3)), and the groups exposed to coal dust for 28 days (at doses of 6.25 mg/m(3), 12.5 mg/m(3), and 25 mg/m(3)). EGF expressions in rat lungs were measured by ELISA. EGFR and MUC5AC were measured by a confocal laser scanning microscope. The bronchoalveolar epithelial image of the group exposed to coal dust for 14 and 28 days showed a epithelial rearrangement, hyperplastic (metaplastic) goblet cells, and scattered massive inflammatory cells. The pulmonary parenchymal image of the group of exposed to coal dust for 14 and 28 days showed scattered inflammatory cells filling up the pulmonary alveolar networks, leading to an appearance of thickened parenchymal alveoli until emphysema-like structure. There was no significant difference in MUC5AC, EGF, and EGFR expressions for 14-d exposure (p>0.05). There was no significant difference in EGF and EGFR expressions for 28-d exposure (p>0.05), but there was a significant difference in MUC5AC expression (p<0.05). We concluded that subchronic inhalation of coal dust particulate matter 10 induces bronchoalveolar reactive hyperplasia and rearrangement of epithelial cells which accompanied by decrease expression MUC5AC in male rats.

Indonesian Pasuruan propolis extract does not exert antiproliferation and pro-apoptotic effect on human colon carcinoma cell line HT-29

Purpose : To evaluate the anti-cancer activity of Indonesian Pasuruan propolis extract (PPE) against HT-29 human colon carcinoma cell line. Methods : HT-29 cells were cultured and treated in different concentrations of PPE (50, 100, 200, 400 μg/mL) for 24 h. The cells were evaluated by several indicators such as cell proliferation and apoptosis as well as the expression of protein Ki67, p53, cyclin D1, and Bcl-xL. Results : Administration of PPE inhibited cell proliferation of HT-29 in concentration-dependent manner but the effect was not significant (p = 0.842); the results were similar with regard to the expression of Ki67 in HT-29 cells (p = 0.953). Administration of 400 μg/mL PPE insignificantly decreased cyclin D1 expression (p = 0.149). The concentration of PPE at 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL induced cell apoptosis of HT-29 cells initially, but the level of apoptosis subsequently decreased (p = 0.416). Furthermore, the expressions of p53 and Bcl-xL decreased following treatment with PPE at 50, 100 and 200 μg/mL but increased for the PPE 400 μg/mL group (p = 0.000). Conclusion : PPE reduced the expressions of p53, Ki67, cyclin D1, and Bcl-xL insignificantly as it it generally failed inhibit cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis of HT-29 cells. Keywords : Bcl-xL, Colon cancer, Cyclin D1, Human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29, Proliferation marker Ki67, Tumor protein p53

4 Accelerated lupus nephritis associated with increased t helper subset, serum tnfa and anti dsdna levels in pregnant pristane induced lupus mice

Background and aims To investigate the role of T helper (Th) cell subsets and TNFα in the pathogenesis of nephritis in pregnant SLE mice model. Methods Thirty female Balb/c mice were divided into two groups: non-pregnant and pregnant lupus mice . SLE induction was done by single intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 cc pristane. After twelve weeks post injection, mice were mated. Periodically, blood pressure was monitored and urine albumin level was measured by ELISA. After 18 day, mice were euthanized, and renal biopsy was done to evaluate the development of nephritis. Placental TNFα and serum anti-dsDNA were measured by ELISA. Spleen Th1, Th2, and Th17 percentages were measured by flowcytometry Results Th1, Th2, and Th17 percentages in were significantly higher in pregnant lupus mice compared to non pregnant group. Th1 and Th17 percentages were positively correlated with albuminuria, anti-dsDNA, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure. Incidence of lupus nephritis was higher in pregnant lupus mice with higher activity index compared to non pregnant mice. The activity index also had positive correlations with Th1 and Th2 percentages. Higher placental TNFα and anti-dsDNA levels were found in pregnant lupus mice. Placental TNFα and anti-dsDNA levels were positively correlated with albuminuria. Moreover, placental TNFα levels were positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusions High percentages of Th cell subsets, TNF α and anti ds DNA antibody were associated with renal disorder in pregnant lupus mice which propose a new mechanism for the pregnancy complication in SLE.

93 Immune modulation effects of curcumin in pristane induced lupus mice

Background and aims The aim of this study is to assess the effect of curcumin treatment on the clinical manifestations, Th-cells subsets/Treg percentages, pro-inflammatory cytokines and autoantibody production of pristane induced lupus mice. Methods Forty female Balb/c mice ( 6–8 weeks of age with body weight 30–50 gram ) were single injected with pristane intraperitoneally for lupus induction. The mice were assigned to 3 groups treated with 3 different doses of curcumin given 12.5 mg/, 50 mg/, and 200 mg/kgBW/day. One group of mice as control was not tretaed with curcumin . The mice were monitored for clinical manifestations ( arthritis score, proteinuria, and body weight ). After 32 weeks post injection, the spleens were taken and assayed for Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg percentages using flow cytometry. Serum was collected for ANA, IL-6, and IFN-α measurement by ELISA. Results Arthritis score was lower in all groups treated with curcumin (p=0.000). However, proteinuria and body weights were not statistically different between all groups of mice. ANA levels decreased significantly after treatment with 200 mg/kgBW/day of curcumin (p=0.024). The decreased of Th1, Th2, and Th17 percentages were also seen after treatment of 200 mg/kgBW/day of curcumin (p=0.043, p=0.026, and p=0.009); however, only slight increase of Treg percentages was seen. Treatment with 200 mg/kgBW/day of curcumin decreased serum IL-6 and IFN-α levels (p=0.012 and p=0.003). Conclusions Curcumin protects manifestation of arthritis in pristane induced lupus mice and ANA production, modulating Th-cell subsets, and inhibiting production of proinflammatory cytokines

Effects of time course ferrous sulphate supplementation on iron regulation in pregnant rats

Objectives Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of ferrous sulphate supplementation on iron regulation and homeostasis in pregnant rats. Methods Twenty-four pregnant rats were divided into four groups; including the control (untreated) pregnant group and the pregnant groups that received ferrous sulphate starting at the 1st trimester (1st day of pregnancy), 2nd trimester (8th day of pregnancy), and 3rd trimester (15th day of pregnancy). Ferrous sulphate was administered orally with an oral gavage until birth. Serum iron and total iron binding capacity were measured by a colorimetric method. Hepcidin levels were measured using an immunoassay method. Results The serum iron, transferrin saturation, and hepcidin levels were significantly increased in the group given iron sulphate in the 3rd trimester compared with the 2nd or 1st trimesters and in the 3rd trimester compared with the 2nd trimester (p < 0.05). The total iron binding capacity levels were significantly decreased in the group that received iron sulphate in the 1st trimester compared with the 2nd or 3rd trimesters (p < 0.05). The total iron binding capacity levels were also significantly decreased in the group that received iron sulphate in the 2nd trimester compared with the 3rd trimester (p < 0.05). Conclusions Early administration of ferrous sulphate in pregnancy leads to higher levels of serum iron, transferrin saturation, and hepcidin.