Nurul Fauziah

Chemical constituents of Piper aduncum and their inhibitory effects on soluble epoxide hydrolase and tyrosinase

A new compound, 2(S)-isobutanol 2-O-β-d-arabinopyranosyl(1→6)-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), along with ten known compounds (2–11) were isolated from Piper aduncum L. leaves. The effects of these compounds on soluble epoxide hydrolase and tyrosinase inhibition were evaluated. Among them, compounds 3, 8, and 9 exhibited significant tyrosinase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 39.3 ± 1.8, 41.3 ± 2.2, and 37.5 ± 2.7 µM, respectively. However, the effects of isolated compounds on soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition were weak or absent, and compounds 4 and 11 showed the highest inhibitory activity with values of 61.2 ± 4.3 and 60.6 ± 3.7 % at a concentration of 100 μM.

Ex vivo study of garcinia mangostana L. (Mangosteen) peel extract and xanthones as anti-adipogenesis in HepG2 cell model

Background: Anti-adipogenesis is one of proposed mechanism for anti-obesity. Adipogenesis regulation of obesity is important, so identification of anti-adipogenic activity is a potential strategy to find anti-obesity agent. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-adipogenesis potential of Garcinia mangostana L. peel extract (GMPE) compared to xanthones in HepG2 cells line as model. Material and Methods: GMPE was performed based on maceration method using distilated ethanol 70% as the solvent. The level of triglyceride and cholesterol and the inhibitory activity of triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (CHOL) in HepG2 cells were assayed and determined as the anti-adipogenesis parameter. Results: The most active subtance to lower the triglyceride level was showed by GMPE in every concentration followed by the garcinone-C, γ-mangostin, garcinone-D and α- mangostin respectivelly. The highest activity to decrease the cholesterol level was showed by GMPE and followed by γ-mangostin, α-mangostin, garcinone-c, garcinone-d respectively. Conclusion: GMPE posses the anti-adipogenesis potential in inhibiting TG and CHOL synthesis was better than any other xanthone (α- mangostin, γ-mangostin, garcinone-C and garcinone-D).

In vitro assesment of anti-inflammatory activities of coumarin and Indonesian cassia extract in RAW264.7 murine macrophage cell line

Objective(s): Inflammation is an immune response toward injuries. Although inflammation is healing response, but in some condition it will lead to chronic disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s and various cancer. Indonesian cassia (Cinnamomum burmannil C. Nees & T. Ness) known to contain coumarin, is widely used for alternative medicine especially as an anti-inflammatory. This study was conducted to determine the anti-inflammatory properties of coumarin and Indonesian cassia extract (ICE) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cell line. Materials and Methods: The cytotoxic assay of coumarin and ICE against RAW264.7 cells was conducted using MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium). The anti-inflammatory potential was determined using LPS-induced RAW 267.4 macrophages cells to measure inhibitory activity of compound and ISEon production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and also cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and TNF-α. Results: Coumarin 10 µM and ICE 10 µg/ml were nontoxic to the RAW264.7 cells. Both of coumarin and ICE were capable to reduce the PGE2, TNF-α, NO, IL-6, and IL-β level in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Coumarin had higher activity to decrease PGE2 and TNF-α, whilst ICE had higher activity to inhibit NO, IL-6, and IL-β levels. Conclusion: Coumarin and ICE possess anti-inflammatory properties through inhibition of PGE2 and NO along with pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β production.

Antioxidant and Anti-malarial Properties of Catechins

Aims: This research was performed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti malarial activities of various catechins including catechin (C), epicatechin (EC), catechin-gallate (CG), gallocatechingallate (GCG), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin-gallate (ECG), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Study Design: The antioxidant activity was measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and anti-malarial activity was determined by In vitro assay against P. falciparum culture, antioxidant activity was analyzed using linear regression analysis, and was continued by determining Inhibitory Concentration 50 (IC 50 ). The anti-malarial activity was analyzed by probit analysis and IC 50 determination.