O. Lalakulich

Familon model of dark matter

If the next fundamental level of matter occurs (preons), then dark matter must consist of familons containing a ‘hot’ component from massless particles and a ‘cold’ component from massive particles. During the evolution of the Universe this dark matter occurred up to late-time relativistic phase transitions the temperatures of which were different. Fluctuations created by these phase transitions had a fractal character. As a result the structuration of dark matter (and therefore the baryon subsystem) occurred, and in the Universe some characteristic scales which have caused this phenomenon arise naturally. Familons are collective excitations of non-perturbative preon condensates that could be produced during an earlier relativistic phase transition. For structuration of dark matter (and the baryon component), three generations of particles are necessary. The first generation of particles produced the observed baryon world. The second and third generations produced dark matter from particles that appeared ...

Cosmic ray “knee” in the spectrum and proton-proton cross section from the point of view of new quarks

AbstractA possible explanation of the “knee” in the cosmic ray spectrum by the change in hadron-hadron interactions at the corresponding energy is discussed. It is shown that, at c.m. energies above 5 TeV, the total proton-proton cross sections obtained from cosmic ray experiments exceed the asymptotic fit made over the collider data. Such a rise of the cross sections favors the hypothesis about new chromodynamically charged degrees of freedom, the threshold of their creation being about

The cosmological consequences of the preon structure of matter

\sqrt {^\mathcal{S} knee} \approx 2.3 TeV

Leptogenesis with “fuzzy mass shell” for Majorana neutrinos

. The properties of these new particles which are needed are discussed.

Total cross section for photon-nucleon interaction in the energy range {S} = 40 - 250 GeV

We propose that the Universe was created from “Nothing” with a relatively small number of particles and it very quick relaxed to a quasi-equilibrium state at the Planck parameters. The classic cosmological solution for this Universe, with the calculation of its ability to undergo the second order relativistic phase transition (RPT), has two branches divided by a gap. On one of these branches near to the “Nothing” state the second order RPT is not possible at the GUT scale. The other branch is thermodynamically unstable. The quantum process of tunneling between the cosmological solution branches and the kinetics of the second order RPT are investigated by numerical methods. Another quantum geometrodynamics process (bounce from singularity) is also taken into consideration. It is shown that the discussed phenomenon with the calculation of all RPTs from the GUT scale (1016 Gev) to the Salam-Weinberg scale (102 Gev) gives the new cosmological scenarios of the macroscopic Universe origin with the observable number of particles.

THE FUTURE PHASE TRANSITION IN DARK MATTER

If the preon structure of quarks, leptons and gauge bosons will be proved then in the Universe during a relativistic phase transition the production of nonperturbative preon condensates has occurred. Familons are collective excitations of these condensates. It is shown that the dark matter consisting of familon type pseudogoldstone bosons was undergone to two relativistic phase transitions temperatures of which were different. In the result of these phase transitions the structurization of dark matter and therefore the baryon subsystem had taken place. In the Universe two characteristic scales which have printed this phenomenon arise naturally.