O. Sulaiman

Study of Henna (Lawsonia inermis) as Natural Corrosion Inhibitor for Aluminum Alloy in Seawater

Commercial henna (Lawsonia inermis) was investigated to inhibit the corrosion of aluminum alloy through immersion in seawater. The aluminum alloy (5083) was prepared in size of 25mm × 25mm × 3mm. The immersion test was conducted in seawater with different concentration of henna, 100ppm, 300ppm, 500ppm for duration of 60 days. Four characterizations were performed in this study which was weight loss study, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and adsorption isotherm. The results indicated that henna has major constituents of lawsone which contributed to the chemisorptions or adsorption process by forming an isolation layers on the aluminum alloy surface which follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. It was found that the protection layer attached on metal was not permanent and precipitation occurred as the time increases. The highest inhibition efficiency was found at 88% (500ppm). This research found that henna is an excellent natural inhibitor for aluminum alloy in seawater.

Human reliability analysis (HRA) emanating from use of technology for ships navigating within coastal area

The traditional approach to the study of human factors in the maritime field involves the analysis of accidents without considering human factors reliability analysis. The main approach being use to analyze human errors are statistical approach and probability theory approach. Another suitable approach to the study of human factors in the maritime industry is the quasi-experimental field study where variations in performance (for example attention) can be observed as a function of natural variations in performance shaping factors. This paper analyzes result of modeling human error and human reliability emanating from the use of technology on board ship navigation in coastal water area by using qualitative and quantitative tools. Accident reports from marine department are used as empirical material for quantitative analysis. The literature on safety is based on common themes of accidents, the influence of human error resulting from technology usage design, accident report from MAIB and interventions information are use for qualitative assessment. Human reliability assessment involves analysis of accident in waterways, emanating from human-technology factors interface. This paper report an enhancement requirement of the methodological issues with previous research study, monitoring and deduce recommendations for technology modification of the human factors necessary to improve maritime safety performance. The result presented can contribute to rule making, and safety management leading for development of guideline and standards for human reliability risk management for ship navigating within inland and coastal waters.

Review on potential for waste recycled based bioenergy for marine system

Human status today can best be defined as an age of knowledge, efficiency and sustainable developments towards fulfilling significant part of human existence in this beautiful planet we all share. Previous time in human history has been dominated with various experimentation, knowledge acquisition which has resulted to new discovery and new philosophy of doing things in efficient, sensitive, cooperative and above all sustainable manner (maintaining quarto bottom balance, i.e. economic, technical, environmental and social, between man technosphere and environsphere world in order to sustain continuous healthy existence of our planet and the right of future generation). New knowledge and technology have emerged, since there is no drain in this planet, the greatest challenge for humanity lies in recycling our waste to the lowest level of usage. This paper will discuss the need to choose waste derived biofuel above all other food sources. This paper also discusses risk and abatement required for choice of best practice sustainable bioenergy generation for marine system.

Potential of waste based biomass cogeneration for Malaysia energy sector.

Reuse of waste as source energy remains sustainable energy source for humanity. The processing of waste provide fuels for electricity, heat generation, and transportation fuels environmental advantages in term of energy production that lead to vast reduction in the waste stream, production of valuable byproducts, wasteland reduction and the killing of the pathogens and bacteria that cause disease as well as provision of reliability for food safety and mitigation go Green House Gas release.. The process calorific content of biomass is considered less than fossil fuel, but can be more sustainable by using hybrid cogeneration biomass system for marine system. Recent global political will has provided spill in Malaysia policy to pursue production of renewable energy of modest percentage increase of 20 percent by 2020. This paper present the status of biomass, constrain and the way forward in Malaysia.

Collision Aversion Model for Inland Water Transportation: Cost Benefit Analysis Model

  Abstract—Inland water transportation project is considered today as one of the mitigation option available for humanity to curb carbon footage. Collision in inland water transportation represents the biggest treat to inland water transportation; its occurrence is very infrequent but has grave consequence that makes its avoidance a very imperative factor. The nature of the threat of collision can be worrisome, as they can lead to loss of life, damage to environment, disruption of operation, injuries, instantaneous and point form release of harmful substance to water, air and soil and long time ecological impact. However, the development of complex system like inland water transportation and collision avoidance system also needs to meet economic sustainability for decision requirement related to collision avoidane. This makes analysing and quantifying occurrence scenarios, consequence of accident very imperative for reliable and sustainable design for exercise of technocrat stewardship of safety and safeguard of environmental. This paper discusses the cost benefit analysis for risk control option required for operational, societal and technological change decision for sustainable inland water transportation system. The paper presents the result of predictive cost for collision aversion aversion for in River Langat waterways development. information about the distribution of transits during the year, or about the joint distribution of ship size, flag particular and environmental conditions become derivative from probabilistic and stochastic estimation in the model. Result from such model could further be enhanced through simulation methods as required. This paper discusses cost benefit analysis to support risk control option for waterways predictive collision risk aversion model. (3, 4)